Glass plate and window

ABSTRACT

To provide a glass plate for a window material and a window comprising the glass plate, which are less likely to be a barrier to radio transmitting/receiving in use of a radio-utilizing apparatus, and a radio communication apparatus comprising the glass plate. 
     A glass plate having a radio transmittance of at least 20% at a frequency of 100 GHz as calculated as 18 mm thickness, a window comprising the glass plate, and a radio communication apparatus comprising the glass plate.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a glass plate used as a window materialof a vehicle, a building, etc.

BACKGROUND ART

An apparatus utilizing radio waves (hereinafter referred to as“radio-utilizing apparatus”), such as radar and a mobile phone iscommonly used in a vehicle represented by an automobile or in abuilding. Particularly in recent years, an apparatus which employs radiowaves in a high frequency band (microwaves to millimeter waves), morespecifically, in a GHz frequency band, for example, in a region of from3 to 300 GHz, has been actively developed.

Glass used as a window material of an automobile or a building isdisclosed, for example, in Patent Document 1. Patent Document 1discloses that glass which has a high visible light transmittance, whichhas high ultraviolet and solar shielding performance and which isvisually preferable, is obtained.

PRIOR ART DOCUMENTS Patent Documents

Patent Document 1: JP-A-2002-348143

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION Technical Problem

However, glass for a window material, particularly consideringproperties assuming use of a radio-utilizing apparatus has not beenfound.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a glass plate for awindow material and a window, which are less likely to impair radiotransmitting/receiving by a radio-utilizing apparatus in an environmentwhere a window glass is present.

Solution to Problem

The present invention provides a glass plate having a radiotransmittance of at least 20% at a frequency of 100 GHz as calculated as18 mm thickness, a window comprising the glass plate, and a radiocommunication apparatus comprising the glass plate.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

According to the glass plate and the window of the present invention, aradio-utilizing apparatus utilizing radio waves in a high frequency bandcan be used even in an automobile or in a building without any problem.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a view schematically illustrating outlines of conditions todetermine the wave transmittance.

FIG. 2A is a graph illustrating the electric field strength ratios ofglass plates with 18 mm thickness in Comparative Example 1 and Examples1 to 6.

FIG. 2B is a graph illustrating the electric field strength ratios ofglass plates with 18 mm thickness in Comparative Example 1 and Examples7 to 12.

FIG. 2C is a graph illustrating the electric field strength ratios ofglass plates with 18 mm thickness in Comparative Example 1 and Examples13 to 17.

FIG. 2D is a graph illustrating the electric field strength ratios ofglass plates with 18 mm thickness in Comparative Example 1 and Examples18 to 20.

FIG. 3A is a graph illustrating the approximate transmittances inComparative Example 1 and Examples 1 to 6.

FIG. 3B is a graph illustrating the approximate transmittances inComparative Example 1 and Examples 7 to 12.

FIG. 3C is a graph illustrating the approximate transmittances inComparative Example 1 and Examples 13 to 17.

FIG. 3D is a graph illustrating the approximate transmittances inComparative Example 1 and Examples 18 to 20.

FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the measured value of the radiotransmitted amount and the calculated value of the radio transmittedamount obtained by exponential approximation of the laminated glass inComparative Example 1.

FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating the measured value of the radiotransmitted amount and the calculated value of the radio transmittedamount obtained by exponential approximation of the laminated glass ineach of Comparative Example 1, Example 3, Example 4, Example 11 andExample 25.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Unless otherwise specified, the following definitions of terms areapplicable throughout description, drawings and claims.

“to” used to show the range of the numerical values is used to includethe numerical values before and after it as the lower limit value andthe upper limit value.

The glass “containing substantially no” certain component means that thecomponent is not actively added excluding an inevitably includedimpurity. The content of each component in the glass is represented bymol % based on oxides.

In this specification, the “radio transmittance” of the glass plate isobtained as follows.

As shown in FIG. 1 , it is assumed that a perfect conductor frame 10having an infinite area and a finite thickness has a 90 mm square (8,100mm²) opening 20. From a wave source 30, 60 mm apart in a verticaldirection from the opening, plane waves having an electric fieldstrength of 1 V/m are made to enter the opening vertically so that thewave front is in parallel with the opening and the polarizationdirection is in parallel with one side of the opening. And, the electricfield strength is measured at a point (measurement point 40) 300 mmapart in a vertical direction from the center of the opening on theopposite side of the opening from the wave source. A value obtained bydividing the electric field strength measured when a glass plate samplehaving the same shape and the same area as the opening 20 is fitted intothe opening 20, by the electric filed strength when no glass platesample is fitted (that is, the glass plate sample is replaced with anair block having the corresponding thickness), is the electric fieldstrength ratio of the glass plate. This electric field strength isobtained by simulation by an electromagnetic field simulator (CSTMicrowave Studio 2016) under the above-described conditions.

The electric field strength ratio is a proportion of the electric fieldstrength measured through the glass plate sample to the electric fieldstrength measured through the air, and the unit is a dimensionlessnumber unless otherwise specified, but may be represented by percentage(%). The electric field strength ratio may be determined in accordancewith the thickness, the electric constant and the dielectric loss of theglass plate, and the frequency of the incident waves. Methods formeasuring the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of the glassplate sample are known for those skilled in the art, and they aremeasured, for example, by cavity resonator method.

In this specification, unless otherwise specified, meanings of thefollowing terms are as follows.

The opening is a square opening in a perfect conductor frame having aninfinite area. When the radio transmittance or the electric fieldstrength after transmission of a glass plate is measured, a glass platesample having the same shape and the same area as the opening is fittedinto the opening. The wave front of the plane waves is in parallel withthe opening surface, the polarization direction of the plane waves is inparallel with one side of the opening, and the plane waves enter theopening in a perpendicular direction. The distance from the openingrepresents the distance along the perpendicular from the openingsurface. The measurement point a certain distance apart from the openingmeans a point the corresponding distance apart from the opening surfacealong the perpendicular from the center of the opening. The wave sourceand the measurement point are located opposite of the opening from eachother.

The thickness of the glass plate is represented by mm, the area of theopening by mm², the wavelength of the radio waves by mm, the frequencyby GHz, and the electric field strength by V/m.

The glass plate of the present invention has a radio transmittance of atleast 20% at a frequency of 100 GHz as calculated as 18 mm thickness,whereby the glass plate is less likely to be a barrier totransmitting/receiving by a radio-utilizing apparatus such as radar anda mobile phone. In this specification, unless otherwise specified, theradio transmittance is obtained by conducting the after-describedexponential approximation. The radio transmittance is preferably atleast 21%, more preferably at least 22%, more preferably at least 25%,more preferably at least 29%, more preferably at least 33%, morepreferably at least 37%, more preferably at least 40%, furtherpreferably at least 43%, particularly preferably at least 45%, even morepreferably at least 48%, most preferably at least 50%.

The thickness calculation of the radio transmittance can be analyticallycarried out e.g. by transmission formula of plane electromagnetic waves,for example, as described in Denjidouharon Nyumon (ElectromagneticWaveguide Introduction (Masahiro Hashimoto, published by THE NIKKANKOGYO SHIMBUN, LTD., “Chapter 2: Transmission of Electromagnetic Waves”.

The glass plate of the present invention has a radio transmittance ofpreferably at least 23% at a frequency of 80 GHz as calculated as 18 mmthickness, whereby the glass plate is less likely to be a barrier totransmitting/receiving by a radio-utilizing apparatus such as radar anda mobile phone. The radio transmittance is more preferably 25%, morepreferably at least 26%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferablyat least 35%, more preferably at least 40%, further preferably at least44%, particularly preferably at least 48%, even more preferably at least52%, most preferably at least 54%.

The glass plate of the present invention has a radio transmittance ofpreferably at least 39% at a frequency of 28 GHz as calculated as 18 mmthickness, whereby the glass plate is less likely to be a barrier totransmitting/receiving by a radio-utilizing apparatus such as radar anda mobile phone. The radio transmittance is more preferably at least 40%,more preferably at least 44%, more preferably at least 50%, morepreferably at least 56%, further preferably at least 60%, particularlypreferably at least 62%, even more preferably at least 65%, mostpreferably at least 68%.

The glass plate of the present invention has a radio transmittance ofpreferably at most 84% at a frequency of 100 GHz as calculated as 18 mmthickness. In order that the radio transmittance is higher than 84%, itmay be necessary to excessively increase the SiO₂ component in theglass. Such glass is less likely to be melted, and the formingtemperature tends to be high, whereby production of a large plate bye.g. float process, fusion process, roll out process or down drawprocess tends to be difficult. Further, if the radio transmittance ishigh, the B₂O₃ component has to be added in a large amount, whereby notonly alkali elements are likely to volatilize during melting/forming,thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality, but also the averagecoefficient of linear expansion becomes low, whereby physical temperingtends to be difficult. Further, an increase of the B₂O₃ and SiO₂components is likely to lead to a decrease of the Young's modulus,whereby the rigidity of the substrate decreases, and the strength at thetime of use may not be secured. Further, in order to increase the radiotransmittance, it is necessary to lower the content of alkali elements,which may lead to deterioration of the melting property and mayremarkably deteriorate the viscosity, and further, such glass is likelyto be devitrified, thus impairing the glass production. Such glass isnot suitable as window glass particularly for automobiles and forbuilding. Accordingly, the radio transmittance is more preferably atmost 80%, more preferably at most 70%, more preferably at most 60%, morepreferably at most 55%, further preferably at most 50%, particularlypreferably at most 47%, even more preferably at most 45%, mostpreferably at most 43%.

The glass plate of the present invention has a radio transmittance ofpreferably at most 84% at a frequency of 80 GHz as calculated as 18 mmthickness. In order that the radio transmittance is higher than 84%, itmay be necessary to excessively increase the SiO₂ component in theglass. Such glass is less likely to be melted, and the formingtemperature tends to be high, and production of a large plate by e.g.float process, fusion process, roll-out process or down-draw processtends to be difficult. The radio transmittance is more preferably atmost 80%, more preferably at most 70%, more preferably at most 61%, morepreferably at most 58%, further preferably at most 55%, particularlypreferably at most 52%, even more preferably at most 49%, mostpreferably at most 47%.

The glass plate of the present invention has a radio transmittance ofpreferably at most 84% at a frequency of 28 GHz as calculated as 18 mmthickness. In order that the radio transmittance is higher than 84%, itmay be necessary to excessively increase the SiO₂ component in theglass. Such glass is less likely to be melted, and the formingtemperature tends to be high, and production of a large plate by e.g.float process, fusion process, roll-out process or down-draw processtends to be difficult. The radio transmittance is more preferably atmost 82%, more preferably at most 80%, more preferably at most 78%, morepreferably at most 76%, further preferably at most 75%, particularlypreferably at most 72%, even more preferably at most 68%, mostpreferably at most 64%.

In this specification, A represents the wavelength (unit: mm) of radiowaves. The glass plate of the present invention preferably satisfies alinear approximation of y>(0.0607×x), wherein y (V/m) is the electricfield strength at a measurement point 10λ apart from the opening, whenplane waves at a frequency of 10 GHz at an electric field strength of 1V/m are made to enter a glass plate having a thickness of 1.2λ from awave source 2λ apart from the opening 20, and x is a value obtained bydividing the opening area S (mm²) by λ². The measured electric fieldstrength y which varies depending upon the opening area may bedetermined by simulation by an electromagnetic simulator (CST MicrowaveStudio 2016) employing the above conditions. The linear approximationis, as is well known to those skilled in the art, a linear approximationobtained by least squares method. The description “enter a glass platehaving a thickness of 1.2λ” means that the glass plate is calculated to1.2λ thickness, and the actual thickness of the glass plate of thepresent invention is not necessarily 1.2λ.

The linear approximation of the glass plate being y>(0.0607×x) meansthat the slope of a graph of a linear function obtained by linearapproximation of the relation between x and y obtained from the glassplate, is greater than the slope of the graph y=(0.0607×x). If thelinear approximation is y≤(0.0607×x), that is, when the slope is at most0.0607, functions of a radio-utilizing apparatus in a high frequencyband tend to be impaired. The slope of the linear function obtained bythe linear approximation is more preferably at least 0.0625, furtherpreferably at least 0.0644. There is no particular upper limit of theslope, however, it can not be 0.0879 or greater (the value obtained whenan air block is placed instead of the glass plate). The slope of thelinear function obtained by the linear approximation is preferably atmost 0.0796. When it is at most 0.0796, the proportions of SiO₂ and B₂O₃in the glass can be lowered, whereby the glass is easily produced, andfurther, the weather resistance and thermal expansion property of theglass can be adjusted, whereby a large glass plate suitable forpreparation of a window for various applications is easily produced. Theslope of the linear function obtained by the linear approximation ismore preferably at most 0.0750, further preferably at most 0.0700,further preferably at most 0.0690, further preferably at most 0.0680,further preferably at most 0.0670, even more preferably at most 0.0665,most preferably at most 0.0657.

The glass plate of the present invention preferably satisfies anexponential approximation (in this specification, referred to as“exponential approximation at 100 GHz”) of y′>exp(−0.081×x′), wherein y′is the approximate transmittance at a frequency of 100 GHz, and x′ isthe thickness of the glass plate.

The exponential approximation at 100 GHz is determined as follows.

First, a curve of changes of the electric field strength ratio inaccordance with the frequency x″ (GHz) is determined with respect to theglass plate to be measured as calculated as each of 12 mm, 18 mm, 24 mm,30 mm, 36 mm and 40 mm thicknesses, the exponential approximation of therelation between x″ and the electric field strength ratio (in thisspecification, the exponential approximation will sometimes be referredto as “exponential approximation of the relation between the frequencyand the radio transmittance”), which is taken as the radio transmittancey″. That is, a function y″=[constant 1]×e^([constant 2]×x″) isapproximated. The exponential approximation is, as is well known tothose skilled in the art, an exponential approximation obtained by leastsquares method. For example, with respect to a thickness 12 mm of aglass plate (Comparative Example 1), exponential approximation ofy″=0.7628e^(−0.003x″) is obtained, and with respect to a thickness 18 mmof the same glass plate, exponential approximation ofy″=0.8619e^(−0015x″) is obtained.

This approximation formula is prepared based on analysis results by theelectromagnetic simulator at from 6 to 20 GHz. It is known that due tocharacteristics of the electromagnetic simulator, the calculationaccuracy is deteriorated as apart from the center frequency in theanalysis frequency band, and particularly the accuracy in the lowfrequency band is remarkably deteriorated. Accordingly, values in afrequency band of at least 6 GHz are preferably employed. In thiscalculation, a frequency up to 20 GHz is taken as the analysis upperlimit frequency, however, since the frequency dependence of theattenuation is negligibly small, the present approximation formula maybe applied to a frequency of at least 20 GHz.

Accordingly, the glass plate of the present invention satisfies anexponential approximation of the relation between the frequency and theelectric field strength ratio at a frequency of from 6 to 20 GHz, ascalculated as 18 mm thickness, of preferably y″>0.8619e^(−0.015x″), morepreferably y″>0.85e^(−0.012x″), further preferably y″>0.84e^(−0.010x″),particularly preferably y″>0.84e^(−0.09x″), even more preferablyy″>0.84e^(−0.008x″), most preferably y″>0.84e^(−0.007x″).

Further, it is preferred that y″<0.84e^(−0.0005x″), whereby the contentsof SiO₂ and B₂O₃ components in the glass can be lowered, and the glassis easily produced and further, the weather resistance, thermalexpansion property, etc. of the glass can be adjusted, whereby a largeglass plate suitable for preparation of a window for variousapplications can easily be produced. More preferablyy″<0.84e^(−0.001x″), further preferably y″<0.84e^(−0.003x′),particularly preferably y″<0.84e^(−0.005x′), even more preferablyy″<0.8435e^(−0.006x″), most preferably y″<0.8462e^(−0.007x″).

Now, the transmittance (approximate transmittance) at 100 GHz iscalculated based on the exponential approximation formula of therelation between the frequency and the electric field strength ratioobtained with respect to each thickness, whereby a relation of theapproximate transmittance y′ depending upon the thickness x′ is obtainedwith respect to frequency 100 GHz, and this relation is furthersubjected to exponential approximation, whereby the above-described“exponential approximation at frequency 100 GHz” is obtained. Thethickness x′ is changed as mentioned above for the purpose ofcalculation to obtain the exponential approximation, however, needlessto say, a specific glass plate of the present invention may haven anoptional thickness.

The electric field strength ratio of radio waves which passed through aglass plate usually greatly varies whether or not the multiple of thewavelength of the radio waves agrees with the thickness of the glassplate, and is complicatedly influenced by the reflection, refraction andinterference of the radio waves. Accordingly, as the frequency iscontinuously increased, periodic fluctuations of the electric fieldstrength ratio with an unstable locus are observed (for example, FIG. 2Ato FIG. 2D). Accordingly, discussion on whether the electric fieldstrength ratio measured at a specific frequency is higher or lower doesnot necessarily essentially describe the radio transmissioncharacteristics of the glass material. That is, even when a first glassplate transmits radio waves in a larger amount than a second glass plateat a specific frequency, it is possible that the first glass is superiorin the radio transmission characteristics as a whole by macroscopicobservation in a wider frequency range (FIG. 2A to FIG. 2D).Accordingly, the above-described approximation is useful. By theapproximation formula, macroscopic tendency of radio transmissioncharacteristics is described.

The exponential approximation of a certain glass plate at a frequency of100 GHz being y′>exp(−0.081×x′) means that a graph of an exponentialfunction obtained by subjecting the relation between x′ and y′ obtainedfrom the glass plate to exponential approximation, is located above thegraph of y′=exp(−0.081×x′). These graphs are such that y′=1(transmittance: 100%) when x′=0 (no thickness of the glass plate), wherex′ is plotted on the horizontal axis and y′ on the vertical axis. Whenthe exponential approximation is y′<exp(−0.081×x′),transmitting/receiving of a radio-utilizing apparatus in a highfrequency band tends to be impaired. The coefficient of x′ in theexponential approximation at a frequency of 100 GHz is more preferablyat least −0.075, further preferably at least −0.07, particularlypreferably at least −0.065, even more preferably at least −0.06, mostpreferably at least −0.055. There is no particular upper limit of thecoefficient of x′, however, it is usually at most −0.01. Further, thecoefficient of x′ is preferably at most −0,02, whereby the contents ofSiO₂ and B₂O₃ components in the glass can be lowered, and the glass caneasily be produced and in addition, the weather resistance, thermalexpansion property etc. of the glass can be adjusted, whereby a largeglass plate suitable for preparation of windows for various applicationscan easily be produced. The coefficient is more preferably at most−0.03, further preferably at most −0.035, particularly preferably atmost −0.04, even more preferably at most −0.045, most preferably at most−0.05.

The glass plate of the present invention has an area of preferably atleast 900 mm². When the glass plate has an area of at least 900 mm², theradio transmitted amount for use of a radio-utilizing apparatus can besecured, and such glass may suitably be used for building, forautomobiles, etc. The area is more preferably at least 2,500 mm², morepreferably at least 10,000 mm², further preferably at least 90,000 mm²,particularly preferably at least 180,000 mm², even more preferably atleast 360,000 mm², most preferably at least 1,120,000 mm². The upperlimit of the area is not particularly limited from the viewpoint of theradio transmittance, however, a glass plate larger than 100,000,000 mm²is difficult to produce. The area is more preferably at most 56,250,000mm², further preferably at most 25,000,000 mm², particularly preferablyat most 9,000,000 mm², even more preferably at most 4,000,000 mm², mostpreferably at most 2,160,000 mm². When the area of the glass plate issmaller than 900 mm², application in e.g. building or automobile fieldmay be limited, and the absolute amount of radio waves which passthrough the glass plate will be small regardless of the transmittance.

The glass plate of the present invention preferably satisfies A x radiotransmittance of from 0.0225 m²⁻% to 8,400 m²⁻%. Here, “A” is the area(m²) of the glass plate, and the radio transmittance is a radiotransmittance (%) at a frequency of 100 GHz as calculated as 18 mmthickness.

When A x radio transmittance is at least 0.0225 m²⁻%, electric fieldstrength higher than a conventional glass plate can be obtained. If itis less than 0.0225 m^(2.)%, use as a window in a high frequency bandwill be more difficult. A×radio transmittance is more preferably atleast 0.4 m^(2.)%, more preferably at least 4 m^(2.)%, furtherpreferably at least 8 m^(2.)%, particularly preferably at least 16m^(2.)%, even more preferably at least 28 m^(2.)%, most preferably atleast 50 m^(2.)%. Further, by increasing A×radio transmittance, theradio transmitted amount can be increased. There is no particular upperlimit of A×radio transmittance, however, it is preferably at most 8,400m^(2.)%. If A is too large, production of the glass plate tends to bedifficult. A×radio transmittance is more preferably at most 3,000m^(2.)%, further preferably at most 800 m^(2.)%, still more preferablyat most 400 m^(2.)%, particularly preferably at most 200 m^(2.)%, evenmore preferably at most 120 m^(2.)%, most preferably at most 80 m^(2.)%.

The glass plate of the present invention preferably satisfies a radiotransmittance/t of from 0.7%/mm to 84%/mm. Here, t is the thickness (mm)of the glass plate, and the radio transmittance is a radio transmittance(%) at a frequency of 100 GHz as calculated as 18 mm thickness. When theradio transmittance/t is at least 0.7%/mm, an approximate transmittancehigher than that of a conventional glass plate can be obtained. If theradio transmittance/thickness t is less than 0.7%/mm, use as a window ina high frequency band will be more difficult. The radio transmittance/tis preferably at least 1%/mm, more preferably at least 2%/mm, furtherpreferably at least 3%/mm, particularly preferably at least 4%/mm, evenmore preferably at least 5%/mm, most preferably at least 5.5%/mm. Byincreasing the radio transmittance or by reducing the thickness, theradio transmittance/t becomes high, and the approximate transmittancecan be increased. There is no particular upper limit of the radiotransmittance/t, however, it is preferably at most 84%/mm. If t is toosmall, deflection tends to be great, and such glass can hardly be usedin a large area, and glass having a high radio transmittance tends tocontain the SiO₂ component in a large amount, whereby production of aglass plate tends to be difficult. Further, in order to achieve a highradio transmittance, the B₂O₃ component should be added in a largeamount, whereby not only alkali elements are likely to volatilize duringmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality, butalso the average coefficient of linear expansion becomes low, andphysical tempering tends to be difficult. Further, an increase of theB₂O₃ and SiO₂ components tends to lead to a decrease in the Young'smodulus, whereby rigidity of the substrate may be decreased, andstrength at the time of use may not be secured. Further, in order toincrease the radio transmittance, it is necessary to lower the contentof alkali elements, thus leading to deterioration of melting property,whereby the viscosity will remarkably be deteriorated, and further,glass is likely to be devitrified, and glass production may be impaired.Accordingly, the radio transmittance/t is preferably at most 65%/mm,more preferably at most 50%/mm, further preferably at most 40%/mm,particularly preferably at most 30%/mm, even more preferably at most25%/mm, most preferably at most 20%/mm.

Further, considering the application, when the glass plate is used forbuilding, the thickness of the glass plate is thick in many cases,whereby the lower limit of the radio transmittance/t is preferablylower, and it is more preferably at least 1.3%/mm, further preferably atleast 1.6%/mm, particularly preferably at least 1.8%/mm, even morepreferably at least 2.4%/mm, most preferably at least 3%/mm. Further,the upper limit is also preferably lower, and it is more preferably atmost 25%/mm, further preferably at most 15%/mm, particularly preferablyat most 11%/mm, even more preferably at most 9%/mm, most preferably atmost 8%/mm.

When the glass plate is used for automobiles, the thickness of the glassplate is from 2 mm to 6 mm for example, and the lower limit of the radiotransmittance/t is more preferably at least 5%/mm, further preferably atleast 6%/mm, particularly preferably at least 7%/mm, even morepreferably at least 7.5%/mm, most preferably at least 8%/mm. Further,the upper limit is more preferably at most 25%/mm, further preferably atmost 20%/mm, particularly preferably at most 16%/mm, even morepreferably at most 13%/mm, most preferably at most 12%/mm.

On the other hand, in a case where a thin glass plate of from 1 to 2 mmis used, the lower limit of the radio transmittance/t is more preferablyat least 15%/mm, further preferably at least 17%/mm, particularlypreferably at least 20%/mm, even more preferably at least 25%/mm, mostpreferably at least 30%/mm. The upper limit is more preferably at most70%/mm, further preferably at most 60%/mm, particularly preferably atmost 55%/mm, even more preferably at most 50%/mm, most preferably atmost 48%/mm.

The glass plate of the present invention preferably has a specificgravity of from 2.40 to 3.00, and preferably has a Young's modulus offrom 60 GPa to 100 GPa. The average coefficient of linear expansion from50° C. to 350° C. is preferably from 50×10⁻⁷/° C. to 120×10⁻⁷/° C. Whenthe glass plate satisfies such physical property requirements, it can besufficiently suitably used as a window material for building, forautomobiles, etc.

In order to secure the weather resistance, a certain amount or more ofSiO₂ is preferably contained, and the B₂O₃ content is preferably lower.As a result, the specific gravity is preferably at least 2.40, morepreferably at least 2.42, further preferably at least 2.44, still morepreferably at least 2.46, particularly preferably at least 2.48, evenmore preferably at least 2.50, most preferably at least 2.52. Thespecific gravity is preferably at most 3.0, whereby the glass is lesslikely to be fragile, and weigh saving is achieved, and it is morepreferably at most 2.90, further preferably at most 2.80, still morepreferably at most 2.75, particularly preferably at most 2.70, even morepreferably at most 2.65, most preferably at most 2.62.

By a high Young's modulus, the glass plate has rigidity and is moresuitable for building, for automobiles, etc. The Young's modulus is morepreferably at least 65

GPa, further preferably at least 70 GPa, still more preferably at least72 GPa, particularly preferably at least 74 GPa, even more preferably atleast 75 GPa, most preferably at least 76 GPa. If SiO₂ is increased soas to increase the Young's modulus, the melting property may bedeteriorated. Accordingly, the Young's modulus is preferably at most 100GPa, more preferably at most 95 GPa, further preferably at most 90 GPa,still more preferably at most 85 GPa, particularly preferably at most 82GPa, even more preferably at most 80 GPa, most preferably at most 78GPa.

The average coefficient of linear expansion is preferably low from theviewpoint of occurrence of thermal stress to the temperaturedistribution of the glass plate when used, and accordingly the averagecoefficient of linear expansion from 50° C. to 350° C. is preferably atmost 120×10^(−7/° C., more preferably at most) 100×10⁻⁷/° C., morepreferably at most 100×10⁻⁷/° C., further preferably at most 90×10⁻⁷/°C., particularly preferably at most 80×10⁻⁷/° C., even more preferablyat most 70×10⁻⁷/° C., most preferably at most 60×10⁻⁷/° C. However, ifthe linear expansion coefficient is too low, the thermal expansiondifference with e.g. a metal sash tends to be large, thus leading todistortion and thereby breakage. Accordingly, the average coefficient oflinear expansion from 50° C. to 350° C. is preferably at least35×10^(−7/° C., more preferably at least)40×10^(−7/° C., more preferably at least) 45×10⁻⁷/° C., furtherpreferably at least 50×10⁻⁷/° C., particularly preferably at least55×10⁻⁷/° C.

Further, for use in applications to building, for automobiles, etc., itis preferred that physical tempering is possible, and accordingly, theaverage coefficient of linear expansion is more preferably higher. Theaverage coefficient of linear expansion from 50° C. to 350° C. is morepreferably at least 60×10⁻⁷/° C., further preferably at least 65×10⁻⁷/°C., particularly preferably at least 70×10⁻⁷/° C., even more preferablyat least 75×10⁻⁷/° C., most preferably at least 80×10⁻⁷/° C.

The glass plate of the present invention is preferably such that theNa₂O elution amount in water resistance test is preferably from 0.001 mgto 0.6 mg. The water resistance test is to determine the Na₂O elutionamount (mg) by JIS 3502 (1995).

A glass plate such that the Na₂O elution amount in the water resistancetest is at most 0.6 mg can be commonly used as a window without anyproblem. The Na₂O elution amount in the water resistance test is morepreferably at most 0.55 mg, further preferably at most 0.5 mg,particularly preferably at most 0.4 mg, even more preferably at most0.35 mg, most preferably at most 0.3 mg. The Na₂O elution amount in thewater resistance test is preferably smaller, however, the amount of SiO₂should be increased so as to reduce the elution amount, and if so, theviscosity at the time of melting in glass production tends to be high,and the melting property may be deteriorated. Accordingly, the Na₂Oelution amount in the water resistance test is preferably at least 0.001mg, more preferably at least 0.01 mg, further preferably at least 0.05mg, particularly preferably at least 0.1 mg, even more preferably atleast 0.15 mg, most preferably at least 0.2 mg.

Of the glass plate of the present invention, T₂ is preferably at most1,750° C. Further, T₄ is preferably at most 1,350° C. Further, T₄−T_(L)is preferably at least −150° C. In this specification, T₂ is atemperature at which the glass viscosity becomes 10² (dPas), T₄ is atemperature at which the glass viscosity becomes 10⁴ (dPas), and T_(L)is the liquid phase temperature of the glass.

If T₂ or T₄ is higher than such a predetermined temperature, it isdifficult to produce a large plate e.g. by float process, fusionprocess, roll out process or down draw process. T₂ is more preferably atmost 1,700° C., further preferably at most 1,650° C., still morepreferably at most 1,625° C., particularly preferably at most 1,600° C.,even more preferably at most 1,575° C., still even more preferably atmost 1,550° C., most preferably at most 1,500° C. T₄ is preferably atmost 1,350° C., more preferably at most 1,300° C., further preferably atmost 1,250° C., particularly preferably at most 1,200° C., even morepreferably at most 1,150° C., still even more preferably at most 1,100°C., most preferably at most 1,050° C. The lower limits of T₂ and T₄ arenot particularly limited, and in order to maintain the weatherresistance and the glass specific gravity, typically T₂ is at least1,200° C., and T₄ is at least 800° C. T₂ is more preferably at least1,250° C., further preferably at least 1,300° C., particularlypreferably at least 1,350° C., even more preferably at least 1,400° C.T₄ is more preferably at least 900° C., further preferably at least 940°C., particularly preferably 960° C., even more preferably at least 980°C., most preferably at least 1,000° C.

Further, in order that production by float process is possible, T₄−T_(L)is preferably at least −150° C. When T₄−T_(L) is at least −150° C.,problems will not arise such that the glass is devitrified at the timeof glass forming, mechanical properties of the glass will decrease, andthe transparency will decrease, whereby glass having good quality can beobtained. T₄−T_(L) is more preferably at most −140° C., more preferablyat most −130° C., more preferably at most −120° C., more preferably atmost −110° C., more preferably at most −100° C. Further, T4-TL is morepreferably at least −90° C., more preferably at least −80° C., morepreferably at least −70° C., further preferably at least −60° C.,further preferably at least −50° C., further preferably at least −40°C., still more preferably at least −30° C., still more preferably atleast −20° C., still more preferably at least −10° C., particularlypreferably at least 0° C., even more preferably at least 10° C., mostpreferably at least 20° C.

Of the glass plate of the present invention, T_(g) is preferably from400° C. to 750° C. In this specification, T_(g) represents the glasstransition point. When T_(g) is within such a temperature range, glassbending process can be carried out within a usual production conditionrange. If T_(g) is lower than 400° C., although there is no problem informing property, problems are likely to arise such that the alkalicontent or the alkaline earth content tends to be too high, wherebythermal expansion of the glass may be excessive, or the weatherresistance will decrease. Further, in a forming temperature region, theglass may be devitrified and may not be formed. T_(g) is more preferablyat least 430° C., further preferably at least 450° C., particularlypreferably at least 470° C., even more preferably at least 480° C., mostpreferably at least 490° C. Further, if T_(g) is too high, hightemperature is required at the time of glass bending process, andproduction will be more difficult. T_(g) is more preferably at most 650°C., more preferably at most 600° C., more preferably at most 575° C.,more preferably at most 565° C., further preferably at most 555° C.,particularly preferably at most 550° C., even more preferably at most520° C., most preferably at most 500° C.

The visible light transmittance T_(VA) is a visible light transmittancecalculated by measuring the transmittance by a spectrophotometer inaccordance with J IS R3106: 1998. As the weighting factors, standardilluminant A, 2 degree field of view values are employed. In thisspecification, the value is represented by a value as calculated as 3.85mm plate thickness.

The value as calculated as 3.85 mm plate thickness is a value (visiblelight transmittance T_(VA)) of the glass plate as calculated as 3.85 mmplate thickness, considering the multiple reflection, by the reflectanceof the glass plate calculated by Sellmeier's equation from therefractive index of the glass plate the transmittance of which wasmeasured.

The visible light transmittance T_(VA) is, to secure the visibility,although it depends on the application, preferably at least 30%, morepreferably at least 40%, further preferably at least 50%, particularlypreferably at least 60%, even more preferably at least 65%, mostpreferably at least 72%. The upper limit of the visible lighttransmittance T_(VA) varies depending upon the application, however, ifit is too high, heat rays will also be transmitted in a large amount,whereby the heat shielding property may be deteriorated. Further, it isnecessary to use raw materials having less impurities so as to increasethe visible light transmittance T_(VA), and such raw materials canhardly be available, and further, the glass should have a large amountof the SiO₂ component, whereby melting property will be deteriorated,and a large glass plate can hardly be produced. Accordingly, T_(VA) ispreferably at most 92%. T_(VA) is more preferably at most 91.5%, furtherpreferably at most 91%, particularly preferably at most 90.5%, even morepreferably at most 90%, most preferably at most 89%.

The visible light transmittance T_(VA) is mainly adjusted by adjustingthe amounts of coloring components such as Fe₂O₃ and TiO₂, however, itmay be slightly adjusted also by the glass components. Further, it maybe adjusted also by adjusting the glass production conditions, such asthe melting temperature and the melting atmosphere.

The glass plate of the present invention, when used as a glass forvehicles, has a visible light transmittance T_(VA) of preferably higherthan 70% so as to increase the visibility, and more preferably at least71%, particularly preferably at least 72%.

The solar direct transmittance Te is as specified by ISO 13837A: 2008.In this specification, it is represented by a value as calculated as3.85 mm plate thickness.

If the solar direct transmittance Te is too low, the visible lighttransmittance tends to be lowered, and visibility can hardly be secured,although it depends on the application. Further, such glass is hardlyproduced since a low Te is hardly achieved even by adjusting the meltingtemperature or the like. The solar direct transmittance Te is preferablyat least 35%, more preferably at least 40%, preferably at least 45%,more preferably at least 50%, further preferably at least 55%,particularly preferably at least 60%, even more preferably at least 65%,most preferably at least 70%. Further, although the upper limit of thesolar direct transmittance Te varies depending upon the application, ifthe solar direct transmittance is too high, heat rays will also betransmitted in a large amount, whereby the heat shielding property maybe impaired. Further, it is necessary to use raw materials having lessimpurities so as to increase the solar direct transmittance Te, and suchraw materials can hardly be available, and further, the glass shouldhave a large amount of the SiO₂ component, whereby melting property willbe deteriorated, and a large glass plate can hardly be produced.Accordingly, the solar direct transmittance Te is preferably at least91%, more preferably at most 90%, further preferably at most 88%,particularly preferably at most 85%, even more preferably at most 80%,most preferably at most 75%.

The solar direct transmittance Te can be adjusted by coloring componentssuch as Fe₂O₃ and TiO₂ or the glass components, or by adjusting theglass production conditions, such as the melting temperature and themelting atmosphere.

In a case where the glass is used as glass for vehicles having heatshielding performance, the solar direct transmittance Te is, so as toincrease the heat shielding performance, preferably at most 65%, morepreferably at most 60%, further preferably at most 58%, still morepreferably at most 55%, particularly preferably at most 53%. On theother hand, if Te is too low, the visible light transmittance islowered, and the visibility can hardly be secured. Accordingly, it ispreferably at least 35%, more preferably at least 38%, furtherpreferably at least 40%, particularly preferably at least 41%.

The ultraviolet transmittance Tuv is as specified by ISO 9050: 2003. Inthis specification, it is represented by a value as calculated as 3.85mm plate thickness. If the ultraviolet transmittance Tuv is too high,ultraviolet rays are also transmitted in a large amount, thus adverselyaffecting the human body, and further, an interior material of abuilding, a vehicle or the like for which the glass plate of the presentinvention is used, may be deteriorated. Tuv is preferably at most 90%,more preferably at most 80%, further preferably at most 70%,particularly preferably at most 50%, most preferably at most 30%. It isnecessary that the glass plate contains Fe₂O₃, TiO₂, CeO₂ and the likeso as to lower Tuv, and if their content is high, the visible lighttransmittance T_(VA) may decrease, or solarization by sunlight mayoccur. Accordingly, Tuv is preferably at least 1%, more preferably atleast 5%, particularly preferably at least 10%. Further, the ultraviolettransmittance Tuv is, so as to prevent deterioration of the interiormaterial and to reduce the cooling load in the car, preferably at most40%, more preferably at most 35%, further preferably at most 30%.

The glass plate of the present invention may be used also for a sensoremploying infrared rays such as a laser radar. In a case where it isused as glass for a vehicle having an infrared irradiation apparatussuch as a laser radar, in order to be suitably used for a laser radar,the transmittance at a wavelength of 905 nm as calculated as 3.85 mmplate thickness is preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least75%, further preferably at least 80%, particularly preferably at least85%, particularly preferably at least 88%, most preferably at least 90%.

The glass plate of the present invention may be used also for a sensoremploying infrared rays such as a laser radar. In a case where it isused as glass for a vehicle having an infrared irradiation apparatussuch as a laser radar, in order to be suitably used for a laser radar,the transmittance at a wavelength of 1,550 nm as calculated as 3.85 mmplate thickness is preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least75%, further preferably at least 80%, particularly preferably at least85%, particularly preferably at least 88%, most preferably at least 90%.

Of the glass plate of the present invention, the dielectric loss can belowered by adjusting the glass composition, whereby a high radiotransmittance can be achieved. Likewise, the dielectric constant can beadjusted by adjusting the composition, and a dielectric constantsuitable for the application can be achieved.

Of the glass plate of the present invention, the SiO₂ content asrepresented by mol % based on oxides is preferably from 55% to 75%.Further, the Al₂O₃ content is preferably from 0% to 15%. Since SiO₂ andAl₂O₃ contributes to improvement of the

Young's modulus, the strength required for an application to building,an application to automobiles, is likely to be secured. If the contentof Al₂O₃ and/or SiO₂ is lower than the above lower limit value, theweather resistance can hardly be secured, and further, the averagecoefficient of linear expansion tends to be too high, and heat breakageis likely to occur. Further, if the amount of Al₂O₃and/or SiO₂ is toolarge, the viscosity at the time of glass melting will increase, wherebyglass production may be difficult. Further, if the amount of Al₂O₃ istoo large, the radio transmittance may be low.

The SiO₂ content is more preferably at least 57%, further preferably atleast 60%, still more preferably at least 63%, particularly preferablyat least 64%, even more preferably at least 65%, most preferably atleast 66%. The SiO₂ content is more preferably at most 74%, furtherpreferably at most 73%, particularly preferably at most 72%, even morepreferably at most 70%, most preferably at most 69%.

The Al₂O₃ content is more preferably at least 0.3%, further preferablyat least 0.5%, still more preferably at least 1.0%, particularlypreferably at least 1.3%, even more preferably at least 1.5%, mostpreferably at least 2%. The Al₂O₃ content is, in order to keep the glassviscosity T2 to be low thereby to facilitate glass production, morepreferably at most 10%, further preferably at most 6%, still morepreferably at most 5%, even more preferably at most 4%, most preferablyat most 3.5%.

In order to improve the radio transmittance, SiO₂₊Al₂O_(3,) that is, thesum of the SiO₂ content and the Al₂O₃ content is preferably from 50% to80%. Further considering keeping T₂ and T₄ to be low and facilitatingglass production, SiO₂+Al₂O₃ is preferably at most 80%, more preferablyat most 75%, further preferably at most 72%, even more preferably atmost 71%, most preferably at most 70%. However, if SiO₂+Al₂O₃ is toolow, the weather resistance may decrease and the average coefficient oflinear expansion may be too high, and accordingly SiO₂+Al₂O₃ ispreferably at least 55%, preferably at least 64%, more preferably atleast 65%, further preferably at least 66%, even more preferably atleast 67%, most preferably at least 68%.

Of the glass plate of the present invention, the B₂O₃ content ispreferably from 0% to 15%. By B₂O₃ being contained, the melting propertyand the glass strength will improve, and an effect to increase the radiotransmittance will be obtained. If the amount of B₂O₃ is too large,alkali elements are likely to volatilize during melting/forming, thusleading to deterioration of the glass quality. Further, if the amount ofB₂O₃ is large, the average coefficient of linear expansion becomes low,whereby physical tempering tends to be difficult. The B₂O₃ content ismore preferably at most 12%, further preferably at most 10%, still morepreferably at most 8%, particularly preferably at most 6%, even morepreferably at most 4%, most preferably at most 2%. It is very preferredthat substantially no B₂O₃ is contained.

Of the glass plate of the present invention, the MgO content ispreferably from 0% to 20%. MgO is a component which promotes melting ofglass raw materials and improves the weather resistance. The MgO contentis more preferably at least 0.1%, further preferably at least 0.2%,particularly preferably at least 0.3%, even more preferably at least0.5%. If the MgO content is at most 20%, devitrification is less likelyto occur, and an effect to increase the radio transmittance maysometimes be obtained. The MgO content is more preferably at most 15%,further preferably at most 8%, particularly preferably at most 4%, evenmore preferably at most 2%, most preferably at most 1%.

In the glass plate of the present invention, CaO, SrO and/or BaO may becontained in a certain amount so as to reduce the dielectric loss of theglass. The CaO content is preferably at least 0% and at most 20%. TheSrO content is preferably at least 0% and at most 15%. The BaO contentis preferably from 0% to 15%. When CaO, SrO and/or BaO is contained, themelting property of the glass may improve. The CaO content is morepreferably at least 3%, whereby the dielectric loss of the glassreduces, and thus the radio transmittance will improve. Further, CaObeing contained in a content of at least 3% may lead to an improvementof the melting property of the glass (a decrease of T2 and a decrease ofT4). The CaO content is further preferably at least 6%, particularlypreferably at least 8%, even more preferably at least 10%, mostpreferably at least 11%. By the CaO content being at most 20%, the SrOcontent being at most 15% and the BaO content being at most 15%, anincrease of the specific gravity of the glass will be avoided, and lowfragility and the strength can be maintained.

In order to prevent the glass from being fragile, the CaO content ismore preferably at most 15%, further preferably at most 14%,particularly preferably at most 13.5%, even more preferably at most 13%,most preferably at most 12.5%. The SrO content is more preferably atmost 8%, further preferably at most 3%, particularly preferably at most2%, even more preferably at most 1%, and most preferably substantiallyno SrO is contained. The BaO content is more preferably at most 5%,further preferably at most 3%, particularly preferably at most 2%, evenmore preferably at most 1%, and most preferably substantially no BaO iscontained.

In this specification, “RO” means the total content of MgO, CaO, SrO andBaO. Of the glass plate of the present invention, RO is preferably from0% to 20%. When RO is at most 20%, an improvement of the weatherresistance will be obtained. In the glass plate of the presentinvention, RO is more preferably at most 17%, further preferably at most16%, particularly preferably at most 15%, even more preferably at most14%, most preferably at most 13%.

Further, with a view to lowering T₂ and T₄ at the time of production, orwith a view to increasing the Young's modulus, of the glass plate of thepresent invention, RO is preferably higher than 0%, more preferably atleast 0.5%, further preferably at least 5%, particularly preferably atleast 8%, even more preferably at least 10%, most preferably at least12%.

Further, in order to prevent occurrence of devitrification at the timeof glass melting or at the time of forming, thus leading todeterioration of the glass quality, MgO+CaO, that is, the sum of the MgOcontent and the CaO content is preferably from 0% to 30%. MgO+CaO ismore preferably at most 25%, further preferably at most 20%, even morepreferably at most 15%, most preferably at most 13%. However, if MgO+CaOis too low, the glass viscosity at the time of melting/forming may betoo high, whereby glass production may be difficult. Accordingly,MgO+CaO is more preferably at least 1%, further preferably at least 2%,particularly preferably at least 3%, even more preferably at least 4%,most preferably at least 5%.

Of the glass plate of the present invention, the Na₂O content ispreferably from 0% to 20%. Na₂O and K₂O are components which improve themelting property of the glass, and by either one or both being containedeach in a content of at least 0.1%, T₂ and T₄ can easily be kept to beat most 1,750° C. and at most 1,350° C., respectively. Further, by Na₂Obeing contained, chemical tempering is possible. The Na₂O content ismore preferably at least 0.1%, further preferably at least 1%,particularly preferably at least 3%, even more preferably at least 5%,most preferably at least 6%.

It is more preferred that both Na₂O and K₂O are contained, whereby theweather resistance can be improved while the melting property ismaintained, and further, an effect to increase the radio transmittancemay sometimes be obtained. If the Na₂O and/or K₂O content is low, theaverage coefficient of linear expansion cannot be made high, and heattempering may not be conducted. Within the above predetermined amount,the glass may be utilized as a material for a window having favorablecompatibility with another member.

If the Na₂O amount is too large, the average coefficient of linearexpansion will be too high, whereby heat breakage is likely to occur.The Na₂O content is more preferably at most 16%, further preferably atmost 14%, particularly preferably at most 12%, even more preferably atmost 10%, most preferably at most 8%.

Of the glass plate of the present invention, the K₂O content ispreferably at least 0% to 20%. K₂O is a component which improves themelting property of the glass and is likely to keep T2 and T4 to be atmost 1,750° C. and at most 1,350° C., respectively, and accordingly theK₂O content is more preferably at least 0.1%, further preferably atleast 0.9%, particularly preferably at least 2%, even more preferably atleast 3%, most preferably at least 4%.

Further, if the amount of K₂O is too large, the average coefficient oflinear expansion may be too high, and heat breakage is likely to occur.If the K₂O content is higher than 20%, the weather resistance may belowered. The K₂O content is more preferably at most 16%, furtherpreferably at most 14%, particularly preferably at most 12%, even morepreferably at most 10%, most preferably at most 8%.

From the viewpoint of the radio transmittance, within the above range, ahigh radio transmittance can be obtained.

Of the glass plate of the present invention, the Li₂O content ispreferably from 0% to 20%. Li₂O is a component which improves themelting property of the glass, and further, increases the Young'smodulus and contributes to an improvement of the strength of the glass.By Li₂O being contained, chemical tempering is possible, and further, aneffect to increase the radio transmittance may sometimes be obtained.The Li₂O content is more preferably at least 0.1%, further preferably atleast 1%, particularly preferably at least 2%, even more preferably atleast 3%, most preferably at least 4%.

If the amount of Li₂O is too large, devitrification or phase separationmay occur at the time of glass production, whereby glass production maybe difficult. The Li₂O content is more preferably at most 16%, furtherpreferably at most 12%, particularly preferably at most 8%, even morepreferably at most 7%, most preferably at most 6.5%.

In this specification, “R20” means the total amount of alkali metaloxides, and usually means the total content of Li₂O, Na₂O and K₂O. Ofthe glass plate of the present invention, R20 is preferably from 0% to20%. When R20 is at most 20%, an improvement of the weather resistancewill be achieved. R20 of the glass plate of the present invention ismore preferably at most 19%, further preferably at most 18.5%,particularly preferably at most 18%, even more preferably at most 17.5%,most preferably at most 17%.

Further, with a view to lowering T2 and T4 at the time of production,R20 is preferably higher than 0%, more preferably at least 1%, furtherpreferably at least 5%, still more preferably at least 6%, particularlypreferably at least 8%, especially particularly preferably at least 10%,even more preferably at least 11%, most preferably at least 12%.

Na₂O/R₂O is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, preferablyfrom 0.01 to 0.98. If Na₂O/R₂O is too low or too high, an effect toincrease the radio transmittance may not sufficiently be obtained.Na₂O/R₂O is preferably at least 0.01, more preferably at least 0.05,further preferably at least 0.1, particularly preferably at least 0.2,even more preferably at least 0.25, most preferably at least 0.3. If noLi₂O is contained, the lower content of Na₂O/R₂O is preferably somewhathigh as compared with a case where Li₂O is contained, and Na₂O/R₂O ispreferably at least 0.01, more preferably at least 0.1, furtherpreferably at least 0.2, particularly preferably at least 0.3, even morepreferably at least 0.35, most preferably at least 0.4.

The Na₂O/R₂O is preferably at most 0.98, more preferably at most 0.8,further preferably at most 0.6, particularly preferably at most 0.5,even more preferably at most 0.45, most preferably at most 0.4. In acase where no Li₂O is contained, the upper limit of Na₂O/R₂O ispreferably somewhat high as compared with a case where Li₂O iscontained, and Na₂O/R₂O is preferably at most 0.98, more preferably atmost 0.9, further preferably at most 0.8, particularly preferably atmost 0.7, even more preferably at most 0.65, most preferably at most0.6.

K₂O/R₂O is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, preferablyfrom 0.01 to 0.98. If K20/R₂O is too low or too high, an effect toincrease the radio transmittance may not sufficiently be obtained.K₂O/R₂O is preferably at least 0.01, more preferably at least 0.05,further preferably at least 0.1, particularly preferably at least 0.2,even more preferably at least 0.25, most preferably at least 0.3. In acase where no Li₂O is contained, the lower limit of K₂O/R₂O ispreferably somewhat high as compared with a case where Li₂O iscontained, and K₂O/R₂O is preferably at least 0.01, more preferably atleast 0.1, further preferably at least 0.2, particularly preferably atleast 0.3, even more preferably at least 0.35, most preferably at least0.4.

K₂O/R₂O is preferably at most 0.98, more preferably at most 0.8, furtherpreferably at most 0.6, particularly preferably at most 0.5, even morepreferably at most 0.45, most preferably at most 0.4. In a case where noLi₂O is contained, the upper limit of K₂O/R₂O is preferably somewhathigh as compared with a case where Li₂O is contained, and K₂O/R₂O ispreferably at most 0.98, more preferably at most 0.9, further preferablyat most 0.8, particularly preferably at most 0.7, even more preferablyat most 0.65, most preferably at most 0.6.

R₂O×MgO is preferably low so as to increase the radio transmittance.R₂O×MgO is preferably at most 100%², more preferably at most 80%²,further preferably at most 66%², still more preferably at most 60%²,particularly preferably at most 50%², even more preferably at most 40%²,most preferably at most 30%². In a case where no Li₂O is contained, theupper limit of R₂O×MgO is preferably somewhat high as compared with acase where Li₂O is contained, and R₂O×MgO is preferably at most 250%²,more preferably at most 200%², further preferably at most 150%²,particularly preferably at most 100%², even more preferably at most85%², most preferably at most 80%².

Further, in order to prevent boron and alkali elements from volatilizingduring melting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glassquality, R₂O+B₂O₃, that is, the sum of the R₂O content and the B₂O₃content is preferably at most 30%. R₂O+B₂O₃ is more preferably at most25%, further preferably at most 20%, even more preferably at most 19%,most preferably at most 18%. However, if R₂O+B₂O₃ is too low, the glassviscosity at the time of melting and forming may be too high, wherebyglass production may be difficult. Accordingly, R₂O+B₂O₃ is preferablyat least 1%, more preferably at least 2%, further preferably at least3%, even more preferably at least 4%, most preferably at least 5%.

Of the glass plate of the present invention, 7Al₂O₃+3MgO is preferablyfrom 0% to 66%. By Al₂O₃, MgO and 7Al₂O₃+3MgO satisfying the abovecontent ranges, an improvement of the radio transmittance of the glassmaterial can be achieved. From the viewpoint of the radio transmittance,7Al₂O₃+3MgO is preferably low. If 7Al₂O₃+3MgO is higher than thepredetermined amount, the average coefficient of linear expansion ishardly maintained, and matching with another member may be impaired, orphysical tempering may be difficult. 7Al₂O₃+3MgO is more preferably atmost 60%, further preferably at most 55%, still more preferably at most48%, particularly preferably at most 42%, even more preferably at most30%, most preferably at most 24%.

However, from the viewpoint of the weather resistance, 7Al₂O₃+3MgO ispreferably higher, and more preferably at least 0.5%, further preferablyat least 5%, particularly preferably at least 10%, even more preferablyat least 15%, most preferably at least 20%, whereby sufficient weatherresistance will be obtained.

Of the glass plate of the present invention, 7Al₂O₃+3MgO-4Li₂O ispreferably from −60% to 66%. By Al₂O₃, MgO, Li₂O and 7Al₂O₃+3MgO-4Li₂Osatisfying the above content ranges, an improvement of the radiotransmittance of the glass material will be achieved. With a view toincreasing the radio transmittance and increasing the Young's modulus,7Al₂O₃+3MgO-4Li₂O is preferably low. Further, if 7Al₂O₃+3MgO-4Li₂O ishigher than the predetermined amount, the average coefficient of linearexpansion is hardly maintained, and matching with another member may beimpaired, or physical tempering may be difficult. 7Al₂O₃+3MgO-4Li₂O ismore preferably at most 50%, further preferably at most 40%,particularly preferably at most 30%, even more preferably at most 20%,most preferably at most 10%.

However, from the viewpoint of the weather resistance, 7Al₂O₃+3MgO-4Li₂Ois preferably high, and is more preferably at least −50%, furtherpreferably at least −40%, particularly preferably at least −30%, evenmore preferably at least −20%, most preferably at least −10%, wherebysufficient weather resistance will be obtained.

Of the glass plate of the present invention, the ZrO₂ content ispreferably from 0% to 5%. ZrO₂ has an effect to lower the viscosity ofthe glass at the time of melting and to accelerate melting, and maycontributes to an improvement of heat resistance and chemicaldurability. If the ZrO₂ content is high, the liquid phase temperaturewill increase, and the average coefficient of linear expansion mayincrease. The ZrO₂ content is more preferably at most 2.5%, furtherpreferably at most 2%, particularly preferably at most 1.0%, even morepreferably at most 0.5%, and most preferably substantially no ZrO₂ iscontained.

The glass plate of the present invention preferably satisfies85%≤Si)₂+Al₂O₃+MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+Li₂O+Na₂O+K₂O+Fe₂O₃+TiO₂≤100%, whereby aglass plate can be produced from easily available glass raw materials,and the weather resistance of the glass plate is likely to be secured.The above total content is more preferably at least 88%, furtherpreferably at least 90%, particularly preferably at least 92%, even morepreferably at least 95%, still even more preferably at least 98%, mostpreferably at least 99.5%. Since a glass plate for a window materialtypically contains a coloring agent, a fining agent, etc., the upperlimit of the above total content is more preferably 99.9%.

Of the glass plate of the present invention, the Fe₂O₃ content ispreferably from 0.001% to 5%. Here, the Fe₂O₃ content is a total ironcontent including FeO which is an oxide of bivalent iron and Fe₂O₃ whichis an oxide of trivalent iron. If the Fe₂O₃ content is less than 0.001%,the glass plate may not be used for an application for which heatshielding property is required, it is necessary to use an expensive rawmaterial having a low iron content for production of the glass plate,and further, thermal radiation may reach the bottom of the meltingfurnace more than necessary at the time of glass melting and a burdenmay be imposed on the melting furnace. The Fe₂O₃ content is morepreferably at least 0.005%, further preferably at least 0.01%,particularly preferably at least 0.015%, even more preferably at least0.02%, most preferably at least 0.05%.

If the Fe₂O₃ content is higher than 5%, heat transfer by radiation maybe inhibited, whereby the raw materials may not easily be melted.Further, if the Fe₂O₃ content is too high, the light transmittance inthe visible region decreases (Tv decreases), and such a glass plate maynot be suitable for an application to automobiles. Accordingly, theFe₂O₃ content is more preferably at most 2%, further preferably at most1%, further preferably at most 0.8%, still more preferably at most 0.6%,particularly preferably at most 0.5%, even more preferably at most 0.4%,most preferably at most 0.3%.

Of the glass plate of the present invention, in a case where an infraredirradiation apparatus such as a laser radar is used, the content ofbivalent iron (FeO) as calculated as Fe₂O₃ is preferably from 0.0001% to0.02%. In order to increase the heat absorption efficiency of the glassmelt at the time of melting the glass raw materials and to improve themelting property, the content is preferably at least 0.0002%, morepreferably at least 0.0006%, further preferably at least 0.0008%,particularly preferably at least 0.001%. Further, FeO absorbs light fromthe visible region to the near infrared region, so as to increase thetransmittance in a near infrared region, the content is preferably atmost 0.015%, more preferably at most 0.01%, further preferably at most0.008%, particularly preferably at most 0.006%, particularly preferablyat most 0.004%.

Of the glass plate of the present invention, in a case where it isrequired to have heat shielding performance, the content of bivalentiron (FeO) as calculated as Fe₂O₃ is preferably from 0.05% to 0.16%.Since FeO absorbs light from the visible region to the near infraredregion and increases the heat shielding performance, the FeO content ispreferably at least 0.07%, more preferably at least 0.08%, furtherpreferably at least 0.09%, particularly preferably at least 0.1%.Further, if the FeO content is high, the glass will absorb heat at thetime of production, whereby the glass production may be difficult, andaccordingly the FeO content is preferably at most 0.015%, morepreferably at most 0.01%, further preferably at most 0.008%,particularly preferably at most 0.006%, particularly preferably at most0.004%.

Of the glass plate of the present invention, in a case where an infraredirradiation apparatus such as a laser radar is used, the mass ratio ofbivalent iron as calculated as Fe₂O₃ to the total iron as calculated asFe₂O₃ (hereinafter sometimes referred to as Fe-redox) is preferablyhigher than 0% and at most 35%. Here, the mass ratio of bivalent iron ascalculated as Fe₂O₃ means the ratio of the content of FeO which is anoxide of bivalent iron as calculated as the form of Fe₂O₃, to the totaliron content. That is, the content of bivalent iron as calculated asFe₂O₃ is calculated by multiplying the FeO content by {(159.7÷2)/71.85},since the molecular weight of FeO is 71.85 g/mol, and the molecularweight of Fe₂O₃ is 159.7 g/mol. By Fe-redox being higher than 0%, theheat absorption efficiency of the glass melt at the time of melting theglass raw materials is increased, and the melting property can beimproved. As a method of adjusting Fe-redox, for example, melting at lowtemperature, or use of an oxidizing agent such as cerium oxide orchromium oxide may be mentioned. Fe-redox is preferably at least 1%,more preferably at least 2%, further preferably at least 3%,particularly preferably at least 4%, most preferably at least 5%.

Further, if Fe-redox is high, the transmittance in the near infraredregion may be decreased, and accordingly Fe-redox is preferably at most35%, more preferably at most 30%, further preferably at most 25%, stillmore preferably at most 20%, particularly preferably at most 15%, mostpreferably at most 10%.

Of the glass plate of the present invention, in a case where it isrequired to have heat shielding performance, Fe-redox is preferablyhigher than 30%, more preferably at least 35%, further preferably atleast 40%, still more preferably at least 45%, particularly preferablyat least 50%, most preferably at least 55%. By Fe-redox being higherthan 30%, the heat shielding property of the glass may be improved. As amethod of increasing Fe-redox, for example, melting at high temperature,or use of a reducing agent such as tin oxide or coke may be mentioned.

In a case where the glass plate of the present invention contains S03,if it is melted in a reducing atmosphere so as to increase Fe-redox,sulfur (S) becomes negative bivalent sulfur. As a result, it reacts withpositive bivalent iron in the glass, thus causing amber coloring,whereby the transmittance in the visible region may decrease.Accordingly, Fe-redox is preferably at most 80%, more preferably at most75%, further preferably at most 70%, still more preferably at most 65%,particularly preferably at most 60%, most preferably at most 58%.

Of the glass plate of the present invention, the TiO₂ content ispreferably from 0.001% to 5%. If the TiO₂ content is less than 0.001%,at the time of production of the glass plate of the present invention, abubble layer may form on the molten glass surface. If a bubble layerforms, the temperature of the molten glass will not increase, wherebythe molten glass can hardly be fined, whereby the productivity tends todeteriorate. In order to reduce or eliminate the bubble layer formed onthe molten glass surface, a titanium compound as an anti-foaming agentmay be supplied to the bubble layer formed on the molten glass surface.The titanium compound is included into the molten glass, and is presentas TiO_(2.) This titanium compound may be an inorganic titanium compound(such as titanium tetrachloride or titanium oxide) or may be an organictitanium compound. The organic titanium compound may be a titanate orits derivative, a titanium chelate or its derivative, a titanium acylateor its derivative, or titanium oxalate. The TiO₂ content is morepreferably at least 0.005%, further preferably at least 0.01%,particularly preferably at least 0.02%, even more preferably at least0.05%, most preferably at least 0.06%. Further, since TiO₂ hasabsorption in the ultraviolet region, it is preferably added for anapplication in which ultraviolet rays should be blocked. In such a case,the TiO₂ content is preferably at least 0.04%, more preferably at least0.1%, further preferably at least 0.2%, particularly preferably at least0.5%. However, if the TiO₂ content is high, the liquid phase temperaturewill increase, and devitrification may occur, and further, since TiO₂has absorption in the visible region, yellow coloring may occur, andaccordingly the TiO₂ content is preferably at most 5%. The TiO₂ contentis more preferably at most 1%, further preferably at most 0.5%,particularly preferably at most 0.3%, even more preferably at most 0.2%,most preferably at most 0.1%.

In a case where an infrared irradiation apparatus such as a laser radaris used, if moisture is present in the glass, which has absorption inthe near infrared region, the transmittance in the near infrared regiondecreases, and such glass is not suitable for application to an infraredirradiation apparatus. Moisture in the glass is generally represented bya value β-OH, and β-OH is preferably at most 0.5, more preferably atmost 0.4, further preferably at most 0.3, particularly preferably atmost 0.2. β-OH may be obtained in accordance with the following formulafrom the transmittance of the glass plate measured by using FT-IR(Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer):

β-OH (mm⁻¹)=(1/X)log₁₀(T_(A)/T_(B))

X: thickness (mm) of glass plate

T_(A): transmittance (%) at a reference wave number of 4,000 cm⁻¹

T_(B): minimum transmittance (%) in the vicinity of hydroxy groupabsorption wave number of 3,600 cm⁻¹

The heat shielding property of the glass plate of the present inventioncan be increased when moisture is present in the glass, which hasabsorption in the near infrared region. So as to increase the heatshielding property, β-OH in the glass is preferably at least 0.05, morepreferably at least 0.07, further preferably at least 0.1, particularlypreferably at least 0.15.

The glass plate of the present invention further preferably hascomposition ranges as identified in the following ten embodiments,whereby more excellent properties will be achieved.

The glass plate according to embodiment 1 of the present inventionpreferably satisfies the following conditions.

It contains, as represented by mol % based on oxides, the followingcomponents in the following contents:

55≤SiO₂≤75

0≤Al₂O₃≤9

0≤B₂O₃≤15

0≤MgO≤15

0≤CaO≤20

0≤SrO≤15

0≤BaO≤15

0≤Li₂O≤0.01

1.2≤Na₂O≤15.6

3.5≤K₂O≤12.5

0≤ZrO₂≤2

0.001≤Fe₂O₃≤5

0.001≤TiO₂≤5

4.7≤R₂O≤19.5

0≤RO≤20

85≤SiO₂+Al₂O₃+MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+Li₂O+Na₂O+K₂O+Fe₂O₃+TiO₂≤100

42≤7Al₂O₃+3MgO≤66

0.25≤Na₂O/R₂O≤0.8

R₂O+B₂O₃≤23

0≤PbO<0.001.

Within the range of the embodiment 1, a glass plate having a high radiotransmittance and satisfying properties required for the desiredapplication can be obtained.

In order to increase the radio transmittance, in the embodiment 1, thefollowing range is more preferred. The SiO₂ content is, in order toincrease the Young's modulus and the weather resistance, more preferablyat least 57%, further preferably at least 60%. In order to suppressdeterioration of the viscosity by a viscosity increase, it is morepreferably at most 70%, further preferably at most 68%, particularlypreferably at most 66%.

The Al₂O₃ content is, in order to increase the Young's modulus and theweather resistance, more preferably at least 2%, more preferably atleast 3%, further preferably at least 4%, particularly preferably atleast 5%. In order to increase the radio transmittance, it is morepreferably at most 8%, further preferably at most 7%, still morepreferably at most 6%, particularly preferably at most 5%, mostpreferably at most 4.5%. The MgO content is, with a view to improvingthe melting property and the weather resistance, more preferably atleast 0.1%, further preferably at least 0.25%, particularly preferablyat least 0.4%. With a view to improving the viscosity, it is morepreferably at most 13%, further preferably at most 10%, still morepreferably at most 7%, particularly preferably at most 5%, particularlypreferably at most 4.5%, especially particularly preferably at most 4%,even more preferably at most 3%, still even more preferably at most 2%,most preferably at most 1%.

The CaO content is, in order to improve the melting property and toincrease the radio transmittance, preferably at least 1%. It is morepreferably at least 2%, further preferably at least 4%, particularlypreferably at least 5%, even more preferably at least 6%, mostpreferably at least 8%. The CaO content is, with a view to suppressingdevitrification, more preferably at most 18%, further preferably at most16%, particularly preferably at most 15%, even more preferably at most14%, particularly preferably at most 13%, most preferably at most 12%.

SrO may be contained so as to improve the melting property and toincrease the radio transmittance, and if SrO is contained, its contentis preferably at least 0.5%, more preferably at least 1%. The SrOcontent is, in order to prevent the glass from being fragile, morepreferably at most 12%, further preferably at most 10%, particularlypreferably at most 8%, even more preferably at most 5%, still even morepreferably at most 3%, most preferably at most 2%.

BaO may be contained so as to improve the melting property and toincrease the radio transmittance, and in a case where BaO is contained,its content is preferably at least 0.5%, more preferably at least 1%,particularly preferably at least 2%. The BaO content is, so as toprevent the glass from being fragile, more preferably at most 12%,further preferably at most 10%, particularly preferably at most 9%, evenmore preferably at most 7%, still even more preferably at most 5%, mostpreferably at most 3%.

The Na₂O content is, in order to increase the melting property and toadjust the average coefficient of linear expansion, more preferably atleast 3%, further preferably at least 4%, particularly preferably atleast 5%, even more preferably at least 6%, most preferably at least 7%.Further, Na₂O if contained deteriorates the weather resistance, andaccordingly its content is more preferably at most 15%, furtherpreferably at most 14%, particularly preferably at most 13%, even morepreferably at most 12%, still even more preferably at most 11%, mostpreferably at most 10%.

The K₂O content is, in order to increase the radio transmittance and toadjust the average coefficient of linear expansion, more preferably atleast 4%, further preferably at least 4.5%, particularly preferably atleast 5%, even more preferably at least 5.5%, most preferably at least6%. Further, K₂O if contained deteriorates the weather resistance, andaccordingly its content is more preferably at most 12%, furtherpreferably at most 11.5%, particularly preferably at most 11%, even morepreferably at most 10.5%, most preferably at most 10%.

ZrO₂ may be contained so as to improve the chemical durability, and in acase where ZrO₂ is contained, its content is more preferably at least0.5%. In order that the average coefficient of linear expansion is nothigh, the content is more preferably at most 1.8%, further preferably atmost 1.5%.

The R₂O content is, with a view to improving the melting property, morepreferably at least 5%, more preferably at least 6%, further preferablyat least 7%, still more preferably at least 8%, particularly preferablyat least 10%. On the other hand, in order to improve the weatherresistance, it is more preferably at most 18.5%, further preferably atmost 17%, still more preferably at most 16%, particularly preferably atmost 15%, most preferably at most 14%.

The RO content is, with a view to improving the melting property andimproving the radio transmittance, more preferably at least 5%, furtherpreferably at least 7%, particularly preferably at least 10%. On theother hand, with a view to improving the weather resistance andsuppressing devitrification, it is more preferably at most 19%, furtherpreferably at most 18%, still more preferably at most 17%, particularlypreferably at most 16%, most preferably at most 15%.

The glass plate according to the present embodiment more preferablysatisfies 85<SiO₂₊Al₂O₃+MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+Li₂O+Na₂O+K₂O+Fe₂O₃+TiO₂≤100,whereby the glass plate can be produced from easily available glass rawmaterials.

7Al₂O₃+3MgO is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 43%, further preferably at least 44%, particularlypreferably at least 44.5%, even more preferably at least 45%, mostpreferably at least 45.5%. Further, 7Al₂O₃+3MgO is more preferably atmost 60%, further preferably at most 58%, particularly preferably atmost 56%, even more preferably at most 52%, most preferably at most 50%.Na₂O/R₂O is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 0.3, further preferably at least 0.35, particularlypreferably at least 0.4, even more preferably at least 0.43, mostpreferably at least 0.45. Further, Na₂O/R₂O is more preferably at most0.75, further preferably at most 0.7, particularly preferably at most0.65, still even more preferably at most 0.6, most preferably at most0.55.

In the embodiment 1 of the present invention, SiO₂+Al₂O₃ is preferablyat least 50%, further preferably at least 55%, particularly preferablyat least 60%, even more preferably at least 65%, still even morepreferably at least 67%, most preferably at least 68%. Further,SiO₂+Al₂O₃ is preferably at most 80%, more preferably at most 78%,particularly preferably at most 76%, even more preferably at most 74%,most preferably at most 72%.

R₂O×MgO is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, preferablylower. In a case where no Li₂O is contained, the upper limit of R₂O×MgOis preferably higher, and is preferably at most 250%².

In order to prevent boron and alkali elements from volatilizing duringmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality,R₂O+B₂O₃ is preferably at most 23%. R₂O+B₂O₃ is more preferably at most22%, more preferably at most 21%, further preferably at most 20%, stilleven more preferably at most 19%, most preferably at most 18.5%.However, if R₂O+B₂O₃ is too low, the glass viscosity at the time ofmelting/forming may be too high, whereby glass production may bedifficult. Accordingly, R₂O+B₂O₃ is preferably at least 1%, morepreferably at least 4%, further preferably at least 8%, even morepreferably at least 10%, most preferably at least 12%.

In order to prevent boron and alkali elements from volatilizing duringmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality, theB₂O₃ content is preferably at most 15%, more preferably at most 12%,more preferably at most 10%, more preferably at most 7%, furtherpreferably at most 5%, still more preferably at most 4%, even morepreferably at most 3%, still even more preferably at most 2%, mostpreferably at most 1%.

In order to prevent occurrence of devitrification at the time of glassmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality,MgO+CaO is more preferably at most 20%, further preferably at most 18%,particularly preferably at most 16%, even more preferably at most 15%,still even more preferably at most 14%, most preferably at most 13%.However, if MgO+CaO is too low, the glass viscosity at the time ofmelting/forming may be too high, whereby glass production may bedifficult. Accordingly, MgO+CaO is preferably at least 1%, morepreferably at least 2%, further preferably at least 4%, even morepreferably at least 5%, still even more preferably at least 7%, mostpreferably at least 9%, still most preferably at least 10%.

By the glass plate satisfying such conditions, a high radiotransmittance in a high frequency band can be achieved.

The glass plate according to embodiment 2 of the present inventionpreferably satisfies the following conditions.

It contains, as represented by mol % based on oxides, the followingcomponents in the following contents:

55≤SiO₂≤75

0≤Al₂O₃≤6

0≤B₂O₃≤15

0≤MgO≤14

0≤CaO≤20

0≤SrO≤15

0≤BaO≤15

0≤Li₂O≤0.01

4≤Na₂O≤17

1.9≤K₂O≤14.2

0≤ZrO₂≤2

0.001≤Fe₂O₃≤5

0.001≤TiO₂≤3

5.9≤R₂O≤20

0≤RO≤20

85≤SiO₂+Al₂O₃+MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+Li₂O+Na₂O+K₂O+Fe₂O₃+TiO₂≤100

23.5≤7Al₂O₃+3MgO≤42

0.22≤Na₂O/R₂O≤0.85

R₂O×MgO≤66

55≤SiO₂+Al₂O₃≤76

0≤PbO<0.001.

Within the range of the embodiment 2, a glass plate having a high radiotransmittance and satisfying properties required for the desiredapplication can be obtained.

In order to increase the radio transmittance, in the embodiment 2, thefollowing range is more preferred.

The SiO₂ content is, in order to increase the Young's modulus and theweather resistance, more preferably at least 60%, further preferably atleast 65%, still more preferably at least 66%, particularly preferablyat least 67%, most preferably at least 68%, and with a view to improvingthe viscosity, more preferably at most 74%, further preferably at most73%, particularly preferably at most 72%, most preferably at most 71%.

The Al₂O₃ content is, in order to increase the Young's modulus and theweather resistance, more preferably at least 0.5%, further preferably atleast 1%, particularly preferably at least 1.5%, most preferably atleast 2%, and in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at most 5%, further preferably at most 4%, still morepreferably at most 3%.

The MgO content is, with a view to improving the melting property andthe weather resistance, more preferably at least 0.1%, furtherpreferably at least 0.25%, particularly preferably at least 0.35%, andwith a view to improving the viscosity, more preferably at most 13%,further preferably at most 10%, further preferably at most 9%, stillmore preferably at most 7%, particularly preferably at most 5%,especially particularly preferably at most 4%, even more preferably atmost 3%, still even more preferably at most 2%, most preferably at most1%.

The CaO content is, in order to improve the melting property and toincrease the radio transmittance, preferably at least 1%, morepreferably at least 3%, further preferably at least 4%, particularlypreferably at least 6%, even more preferably at least 8%, mostpreferably at least 10%. The CaO content is, with a view to suppressingdevitrification, preferably at most 18%, further preferably at most 17%,particularly preferably at most 16%, even more preferably at most 15%,most preferably at most 14%.

SrO may be contained so as to improve the melting property and toincrease the radio transmittance, and in a case where SrO is contained,its content is preferably at least 0.5%, more preferably at least 1%.The SrO content is, in order to prevent the glass from being fragile,more preferably at most 12%, further preferably at most 10%,particularly preferably at most 7%, even more preferably at most 4%,most preferably at most 2%.

BaO may be contained so as to improve the melting property and toincrease the radio transmittance, and in a case where BaO is contained,its content is preferably at least 0.5%. It is more preferably at least1%, particularly preferably at least 2%. The BaO content is, in order toprevent the glass from being fragile, more preferably at most 12%,further preferably at most 10%, particularly preferably at most 8%, evenmore preferably at most 5%, most preferably at most 3%.

In order to increase the radio transmittance while keeping the meltingproperty, the Na₂O content is preferably from 4% to 17%. Within such arange, the above-described range of Na₂O/R₂O and range of R2O×MgO arelikely to be maintained in proper ranges, and the weather resistance issecured. The Na₂O content is more preferably at least 4.5%, furtherpreferably at least 5%, most preferably at least 6%. Further, the Na₂Ocontent is more preferably at most 16%, further preferably at most 14%,particularly preferably at most 12%, even more preferably at most 11%,most preferably at most 10%.

The K₂O content is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 2%, further preferably at least 3.5%, still morepreferably at least 4%, particularly preferably at least 5%, even morepreferably at least 5.5%, most preferably at least 6%, and morepreferably at most 13.5%, further preferably at most 12%, particularlypreferably at most 11%, even more preferably at most 10.5%, mostpreferably at most 10%.

ZrO₂ may be contained so as to improve chemical durability, and in acase where ZrO₂ is contained, its content is more preferably at least0.5%. In order that the average coefficient of linear expansion is nothigh, the ZrO₂ content is more preferably at most 1.8%, furtherpreferably at most 1.5%.

The R₂O content is, with a view to improving the melting property, morepreferably at least 7%, further preferably at least 8%, particularlypreferably at least 10%. On the other hand, in order to improve theweather resistance, it is more preferably at most 18%, furtherpreferably at most 16%, still more preferably at most 14%, particularlypreferably at most 13%, most preferably at most 12%.

The RO content is, with a view to improving the melting property andimproving the radio transmittance, more preferably at least 2%, morepreferably at least 5%, further preferably at least 7%, still morepreferably at least 8%, particularly preferably at least 10%. On theother hand, with a view to improving the weather resistance andsuppressing devitrification, it is more preferably at most 19%, furtherpreferably at most 18%, still more preferably at most 17%, particularlypreferably at most 16%, most preferably at most 15%.

The glass plate according to the embodiment 2 more preferably satisfies85≤SiO₂+Al₂O₃+MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+Li₂O+Na₂O+K₂O+Fe₂O₃+TiO₂≤100, whereby theglass plate can be produced from easily available glass raw materials.

7Al₂O₃+3MgO is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 24%, further preferably at least 25%, particularlypreferably at least 26%, even more preferably at least 28%, mostpreferably at least 30%. Further, 7Al₂O₃+3MgO is more preferably at most40%, further preferably at most 38%, particularly preferably at most37%, even more preferably at most 36%, most preferably at most 35%.

Na₂O/R₂O is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 0.3, further preferably at least 0.35, particularlypreferably at least 0.4, most preferably at least 0.45. Further,Na₂O/R₂O is more preferably at most 0.8, further preferably at most0.75, particularly preferably at most 0.7, even more preferably at most0.6, most preferably at most 0.55.

SiO₂+Al₂O₃ is, in order to improve the melting property and to improvethe radio transmittance, more preferably at least 60%, furtherpreferably at least 65%, particularly preferably at least 67%, mostpreferably at least 68%. Further, SiO₂+Al₂O₃ is preferably at most 76%,more preferably at most 75%, further preferably at most 74%,particularly preferably at most 73%, most preferably at most 72%.

R₂O×MgO is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, preferablylower. R₂O×MgO is preferably at most 66%², more preferably at most 60%²,further preferably at most 50%², particularly preferably at most 40%²,even more preferably at most 30%², most preferably at most 25%².

In order to prevent boron and alkali elements from volatilizing duringmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality,R₂O+B₂O₃ is preferably at most 30%, more preferably at most 28%, furtherpreferably at most 25%, even more preferably at most 20%, still evenmore preferably at most 18%, most preferably at most 16%. However, ifR₂O+B₂O₃ is too low, the glass viscosity at the time of melting/formingmay be too high, whereby glass production may be difficult. Accordingly,R₂O+B₂O₃ is preferably at least 1%, more preferably at least 2%, furtherpreferably at least 3%, even more preferably at least 4%, still evenmore preferably at least 6%, most preferably at least 8%.

In order to prevent boron and alkali elements from volatilizing duringmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality, bya high Na₂O content, the B₂O₃ content is preferably at most 15%. TheB₂O₃ content is more preferably at most 12%, further preferably at most10%, even more preferably at most 8%, still even more preferably at most6%, most preferably at most 5%.

In order to prevent occurrence of devitrification at the time of glassmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality,MgO+CaO is more preferably at most 18%, further preferably at most 16%,even more preferably at most 14%, most preferably at most 12%. However,if MgO+CaO is too low, the glass viscosity at the time ofmelting/forming may be too high, whereby glass production may bedifficult. Accordingly, MgO+CaO is preferably at least 1%, morepreferably at least 2%, further preferably at least 3%, even morepreferably at least 4%, most preferably at least 5%.

The glass plate according to the embodiment 2 tends to be devitrified,and accordingly the TiO₂ content is preferably at most 3%, morepreferably at most 2%, further preferably at most 1%, particularlypreferably at most 0.5%, even more preferably at most 0.2%, mostpreferably at most 0.1%.

The glass plate according to embodiment 3 of the present inventionpreferably satisfies the following conditions.

It contains, as represented by mol % based on oxides, the followingcomponents in the following contents:

55<SiO₂≤75

1.3≤Al₂O₃≤3.35

0≤B₂O₃≤15

0≤MgO≤4.8

0≤CaO≤20

0≤SrO≤4

0≤BaO≤15

0≤Li₂O≤0.01

0.1≤Na₂O≤16

1≤K₂O≤16

0≤ZrO₂≤2

0.001≤Fe₂O₃≤5

0.001≤TiO₂≤1.5

1.1≤R₂O≤20

0≤RO≤20

85≤SiO₂+Al₂O₃+MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+Li₂O+Na₂O+K₂O+Fe₂O₃+TiO₂≤100

0≤7Al₂O₃+3MgO≤23.5

0.05≤Na₂O/R₂O≤0.8

0≤R₂O+B₂O₃≤22

0≤PbO≤0.001

0≤ZnO<8.

Within the range of the embodiment 3, a glass plate having a high radiotransmittance and satisfying properties required for the desiredapplication can be obtained.

In order to increase the radio transmittance, in the embodiment 3, thefollowing range is more preferred.

The SiO₂ content is, in order to increase the Young's modulus and theweather resistance, more preferably at least 60%, further preferably atleast 65%, particularly preferably at least 68%. With a view toimproving the viscosity, the SiO₂ content is more preferably at most74%, further preferably at most 73.5%, particularly preferably at most73%, most preferably at most 72.5%.

The Al₂O₃ content is, in order to increase the Young's modulus and theweather resistance, more preferably at least 1.5%, further preferably atleast 1.7%, particularly preferably at least 1.9%, most preferably atleast 2%. In order to increase the radio transmittance, it is morepreferably at most 3.0%, further preferably at most 2.5%.

The MgO content is, with a view to improving the melting property andthe weather resistance, more preferably at least 0.1%, furtherpreferably at least 0.25%, particularly preferably at least 0.5%. With aview to improving the viscosity, the MgO content is more preferably atmost 4%, further preferably at most 3%, particularly preferably at most2%, most preferably at most 1%.

The CaO content is, in order to improve the melting property and toincrease the radio transmittance, preferably at least 1%, morepreferably at least 2%, further preferably at least 4%, particularlypreferably at least 5%, even more preferably at least 6%, mostpreferably at least 8%. The CaO content is, with a view to suppressingdevitrification, more preferably at most 18%, further preferably at most16%, particularly preferably at most 15%, even more preferably at most14%, most preferably at most 13%.

BaO may be contained so as to improve the melting property and toincrease the radio transmittance, and in a case where BaO is contained,its content is preferably at least 0.5%, more preferably at least 1%,particularly preferably at least 2%. The BaO content is, in order toprevent the glass from being fragile, more preferably at most 12%,further preferably at most 10%, still more preferably at most 9%,particularly preferably at most 8%, especially particularly preferablyat most 4%, most preferably at most 3%.

The Na₂O content is, in order to increase the melting property and toadjust the average coefficient of linear expansion, more preferably atleast 2%, further preferably at least 4%, particularly preferably atleast 5%, even more preferably at least 6%, most preferably at least 7%.Further, Na₂O if contained deteriorates the weather resistance, andaccordingly its content is more preferably at most 15%, furtherpreferably at most 14%, particularly preferably at most 13%, even morepreferably at most 12%, most preferably at most 11%.

The K₂O content is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 1.5%, further preferably at least 2%, particularlypreferably at least 2.5%, most preferably at least 3%, and morepreferably at most 13%, further preferably at most 11%, particularlypreferably at most 10%, even more preferably at most 9%, most preferablyat most 8%.

ZrO₂ may be contained so as to improve the chemical durability, and in acase where ZrO₂ is contained, its content is more preferably at least0.5%. In order that the average coefficient of linear expansion is nothigh, the ZrO₂ content is more preferably at most 1.8%, furtherpreferably at most 1.5%.

The R20 content is, with a view to improving the melting property, morepreferably at least 5%, further preferably at least 6%, particularlypreferably at least 8%, most preferably at least 10%. On the other hand,in order to improve the weather resistance, it is more preferably atmost 19%, further preferably at most 17%, still more preferably at most15%, particularly preferably at most 14.5%, most preferably at most 14%.

RO is, with a view to improving the melting property and improving theradio transmittance, more preferably at least 5%, further preferably atleast 6%, particularly preferably at least 9%. On the other hand, with aview to improving the weather resistance and suppressingdevitrification, more preferably at most 18%, further preferably at most16%, still more preferably at most 15%, particularly preferably at most13%, most preferably at most 12%.

7Al₂O₃+3MgO is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 0.5%, further preferably at least 1%, particularlypreferably at least 5%, even more preferably at least 8%, mostpreferably at least 10%. Further, 7Al₂O₃+3MgO is more preferably at most23%, further preferably at most 22.5%, still more preferably at most22%.

Na₂O/R₂O is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 0.1, further preferably at least 0.15, particularlypreferably at least 0.2, even more preferably at least 0.25, mostpreferably at least 0.3. Further, Na₂O/R₂O ratio is more preferably atmost 0.75, further preferably at most 0.7, particularly preferably atmost 0.65, especially particularly preferably at most 0.6, mostpreferably at most 0.55.

SiO₂+Al₂O₃ is more preferably at least 50%, further preferably at least55%, particularly preferably at least 60%, even more preferably at least65%, still even more preferably at least 68%, most preferably at least71%. Further, SiO₂₊Al₂O₃ is more preferably at most 80%, furtherpreferably at most 78%, particularly preferably at most 76%, even morepreferably at most 75%, most preferably at most 74%.

R₂O×MgO is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably low. R₂O×MgO is preferably at most 80%², more preferably atmost 60%², further preferably at most 40%², particularly preferably atmost 30%², even more preferably at most 20%², most preferably at most10%².

In order to prevent boron and alkali elements from volatilizing duringmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality,R₂O+B₂O₃ is preferably at most 22%, more preferably at most 20%, furtherpreferably at most 18.5%, even more preferably at most 18%, mostpreferably at most 16%. However, if R₂O+B₂O₃ is too low, the glassviscosity at the time of melting/forming may be too high, whereby glassproduction may be difficult. Accordingly, R₂O+B₂O₃ is preferably atleast 1%, more preferably at least 2%, further preferably at least 4%,even more preferably at least 6%, most preferably at least 8%.

In the embodiment 3 also, in order to prevent boron and alkali elementsfrom volatilizing during melting/forming, thus leading to deteriorationof the glass quality, by a relative increase of the Na₂O component inthe glass to the total alkali amount, the B₂O₃ content is preferably atmost 15%, more preferably at most 10%, further preferably at most 8%,even more preferably at most 6%, most preferably at most 5%.

The glass plate according to the embodiment 3 more preferably satisfies85≤SiO₂+Al₂O₃+MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+Li₂O+Na₂O+K₂O+Fe₂O₃+TiO₂≤100, whereby theglass plate can be produced from easily available glass raw materials.Further, in the case of a composition with small Al₂O₃ and MgO as theglass of the present embodiment, in order to secure also the weatherresistance of the glass plate, the above total amount is more preferablyat least 98%. It is more preferably at least 98.5%, particularlypreferably at least 99%. Since a glass plate for a window materialtypically contains a coloring agent, a fining agent, etc., the upperlimit of the total amount is even more preferably 99.9%.

Further, in the embodiment 3, in order to prevent the glass from beingfragile and having lowered strength, since the amounts of Al₂O₃ and MgOare small, or for weight saving of the glass plate, the SrO content ispreferably at most 4%, more preferably at most 2.5%, further preferablyat most 2%, and particularly preferably substantially no SrO iscontained.

In order to prevent occurrence of devitrification at the time of glassmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality,MgO+CaO is preferably at most 18%, more preferably at most 16%, furtherpreferably at most 14%, even more preferably at most 13%, mostpreferably at most 12%. However, if MgO+CaO is too low, the glassviscosity at the time of melting/forming may be too high, whereby glassproduction may be difficult. Accordingly, MgO+CaO is preferably at least1%, more preferably at least 2%, further preferably at least 3%, evenmore preferably at least 4%, most preferably at least 5%.

The glass plate according to the embodiment 3 particularly tends to bedevitrified. Accordingly, the TiO₂ content is preferably at most 1.5%,more preferably at most 1%, further preferably at most 0.5%,particularly preferably at most 0.2%, even more preferably at most 0.1%,most preferably at most 0.05%.

The glass plate according to the embodiment 3 may contain ZnO, which hasan effect to suppress devitrification. If it is contained in a largeamount, defects may occur at the time of production in a float bath, andaccordingly the ZnO content is preferably at most 8%, more preferably atmost 6%, more preferably at most 4%, further preferably at most 3%,further preferably at most 2%, still more preferably at most 1%, stillmore preferably at most 0.5%.

The glass plate according to embodiment 4 of the present inventionpreferably satisfies the following conditions.

It contains, as represented by mol % based on oxides, the followingcomponents in the following contents:

55≤SiO₂≤75

1.44≤Al₂O₃≤9

0≤B₂O₃≤2

0≤MgO≤15

0≤CaO≤20

0≤SrO≤15

0≤BaO≤1

0.01≤Li₂O≤19.1

0≤Na₂O≤16

0.9≤K₂O≤16

0≤ZrO₂≤2

0.001≤Fe₂O₃≤5

0.001≤TiO₂≤5

0.91≤R₂O≤20

0≤RO≤20

98≤SiO₂+Al₂O₃+MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+Li₂O+Na₂O+K₂O+Fe₂O₃+TiO₂≤100

10≤7Al₂O₃+3MgO-4Li₂O≤66

0≤Na₂O/R₂O≤0.8

0≤PbO≤0.001.

Within the range of the embodiment 4, a glass plate having a high radiotransmittance and satisfying properties required for the desiredapplication can be obtained.

In order to increase the ratio transmittance, in the embodiment 4, thefollowing range is more preferred.

The SiO₂ content is, in order to increase the Young's modulus and theweather resistance, more preferably at least 60%, further preferably atleast 64%, particularly preferably at least 65%, and with a view toimproving the viscosity, more preferably at most 72%, further preferablyat most 70%, particularly preferably at most 68%.

The Na₂O content is, in order to increase the melting property and toadjust the average coefficient of linear expansion, more preferably atleast 2%, more preferably at least 3%, further preferably at least 4%,particularly preferably at least 5%, even more preferably at least 6%,and in order to improve the weather resistance, more preferably at most15%, further preferably at most 14%, particularly preferably at most13%, even more preferably at most 12%, still even more preferably atmost 10%, most preferably at most 9%.

The K₂O content is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 1%, further preferably at least 1.5%, particularlypreferably at least 2%, even more preferably at least 2.5%, mostpreferably at least 3%, and more preferably at most 15%, furtherpreferably at most 13%, particularly preferably at most 12%, even morepreferably at most 10%, most preferably at most 9%.

The Li₂O content is, in order to increase the melting property and theYoung's modulus and to improve the radio transmittance, more preferablyat least 1%, further preferably at least 2%, particularly preferably atleast 3%, even more preferably at least 4%, and further, Li₂O may causedevitrification or phase separation, its content is more preferably atmost 15%, further preferably at most 12%, particularly preferably atmost 10%, even more preferably at most 8%, most preferably at most 7%.

SrO may be contained so as to improve the melting property and toincrease the radio transmittance, and in a case where SrO is contained,its content is preferably at least 0.5%, more preferably at least 1%,particularly preferably at least 2%. The SrO content is, in order toprevent the glass from being fragile, more preferably at most 12%,further preferably at most 10%, particularly preferably at most 8%, evenmore preferably at most 6%, most preferably at most 4%.

7Al₂O₃+3MgO-4Li₂O is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 12, further preferably at least 14, particularlypreferably at least 16, even more preferably at least 18, mostpreferably at least 20. Further, 7Al₂O₃₊₃MgO-4Li₂O is more preferably atmost 60, further preferably at most 55, particularly preferably at most50, even more preferably at most 45, most preferably at most 40.

Na₂O/R₂O is, to increase the radio transmittance, more preferably atleast 0.05, further preferably at least 0.1, particularly preferably atleast 0.15, even more preferably at least 0.2, most preferably at least0.25. Further, Na₂O/R₂O is more preferably at most 0.8, furtherpreferably at most 0.75, particularly preferably at most 0.7, even morepreferably at most 0.6, most preferably at most 0.5.

In the embodiment 4, in order to lower the glass viscosity at the timeof melting/forming for easy production, SiO₂+Al₂O₃ is preferably atleast 50%, further preferably at least 60%, particularly preferably atleast 65%, even more preferably at least 66%, most preferably at least68%. Further, SiO₂₊Al₂O₃ is preferably at most 75%, further preferablyat most 74%, particularly preferably at most 73%, even more preferablyat most 72%, most preferably at most 71%. In order to lower the glassviscosity at the time of melting/forming for easy production and toincrease the radio transmittance, the Al₂O₃ content is preferably atmost 9%, more preferably at most 8%, further preferably at most 7%,particularly preferably at most 6%, even more preferably at most 5%,most preferably at most 4%, and in order to secure the weatherresistance, it is more preferably at least 1.5%, further preferably atleast 2%, particularly preferably at least 2.5%.

K₂O/R₂O is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 0.05, further preferably at least 0.1, particularlypreferably at least 0.15, even more preferably at least 0.2, mostpreferably at least 0.25. Further, K₂O/R₂O is more preferably at most0.95, further preferably at most 0.9, particularly preferably at most0.7, even more preferably at most 0.5, most preferably at most 0.4.

In the embodiment 4, in order to increase the radio transmittance,R2O×MgO is preferably lower. R₂O×MgO is preferably at most 200%², morepreferably at most 180%², further preferably at most 160%², particularlypreferably at most 140%², even more preferably at most 120, still evenmore preferably at most 100%², most preferably at most 80%².

In order to prevent boron and alkali elements from volatilizing duringmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality,R₂O+B₂O₃ is preferably at most 19%, more preferably at most 18.5%,further preferably at most 18%, even more preferably at most 17%, mostpreferably at most 16%. However, if R₂O+B₂O₃ is too low, the glassviscosity at the time of melting/forming may be too high, whereby glassproduction may be difficult. Accordingly, R₂O+B₂O₃ is preferably atleast 1%, more preferably at least 2%, further preferably at least 3%,even more preferably at least 4%, most preferably at least 5%.

In order to prevent boron and alkali elements from volatilizing duringmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality, theB₂O₃ content is preferably at most 2%, more preferably at most 1.8%,further preferably at most 1.5%, even more preferably at most 1.0%, mostpreferably at most 0.5%.

In order to prevent occurrence of devitrification at the time of glassmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality,MgO+CaO is preferably at most 20%, more preferably at most 18%, furtherpreferably at most 16%, even more preferably at most 15%, mostpreferably at most 14%. However, if MgO+CaO is too low, the glassviscosity at the time of melting/forming may be too high, whereby glassproduction may be difficult. Accordingly, MgO+CaO is preferably at least1%, more preferably at least 2%, further preferably at least 4%, evenmore preferably at least 6%, most preferably at least 8%.

Further, in order to prevent the glass from being fragile and havinglowered strength, or for weight saving of the glass plate, the BaOcontent is preferably at most 1%, more preferably at most 0.5%, furtherpreferably at most 0.1%, and particularly preferably substantially noBaO is contained.

In the same manner as above, in order to prevent the glass from beingfragile and having lowered strength, or for weight saving of the glassplate, SrO+BaO+ZrO₂ is preferably at most 8%, more preferably at most7%, further preferably at most 6%, particularly preferably at most 5%,even more preferably at most 3%, most preferably at most 2%.

Further, in order to increase the radio transmittance, the MgO contentis more preferably at most 14%, further preferably at most 12%,particularly preferably at most 10%, even more preferably at most 8%,still even more preferably at most 6%, most preferably at most 4.5%.

In order to improve the melting property and to increase the radiotransmittance, the CaO content is preferably at least 0.5%, morepreferably at least 1%, further preferably at least 3%, particularlypreferably at least 5%, even more preferably at least 7%, mostpreferably at least 8%, and with a view to suppressing devitrification,it is more preferably at most 18%, further preferably at most 16%,particularly preferably at most 14%, even more preferably at most 13%,most preferably at most 12%.

ZrO₂ may be contained so as to improve chemical durability, and in acase where ZrO₂ is contained, its content is preferably at least 0.5%.Further, in order that the average coefficient of linear expansion isnot high, it is more preferably at most 1.8%, further preferably at most1.5%.

R₂O is, with a view to improving melting property, more preferably atleast 5%, more preferably at least 6%, further preferably at least 7%,particularly preferably at least 8%. On the other hand, in order toimprove the weather resistance, it is more preferably at most 18%,further preferably at most 17%, still more preferably at most 16%,particularly preferably at most 15%, most preferably at most 14%.

RO is, with a view to improving the melting property and improving theradio transmittance, more preferably at least 5%, further preferably atleast 6%, particularly preferably at least 8%, and on the other hand,with a view to improving the weather resistance and suppressingdevitrification, it is more preferably at most 19%, further preferablyat most 18%, still more preferably at most 17%, particularly preferablyat most 16%, most preferably at most 15%.

The glass plate according to embodiment 5 of the present inventionpreferably satisfies the following conditions.

It contains, as represented by mol % based on oxides, the followingcomponents in the following contents.

55≤SiO₂≤75

0≤Al₂O₃≤7.8

0≤B₂O₃≤2

0≤MgO≤11.8

2≤CaO≤20

0≤SrO≤15

0≤BaO≤1

2.5≤Li₂O≤19.52

0.15≤Na₂O≤17.17

0.33≤K₂O≤16.5

0≤ZrO₂≤2

0.001≤Fe₂O₃≤5

0.001≤TiO₂≤5

2.98≤R₂O≤20

2≤RO≤20

98≤SiO₂+Al₂O₃+MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+Li₂O+Na₂O+K₂O+Fe₂O₃+TiO₂≤100

−10≤7Al₂O₃+3MgO-4Li₂O≤10

0.05≤Na₂O/R₂O≤0.85

0.11≤K₂O/R₂O≤0.83

0≤PbO<0.001

Within the range of the embodiment 5, a glass plate having a high radiotransmittance and satisfying properties required for the desiredapplication can be obtained.

In order to increase the radio transmittance, in the embodiment 5, thefollowing range is more preferred.

The SiO₂ content is, in order to increase the Young's modulus and theweather resistance, more preferably at least 60%, further preferably atleast 63%, particularly preferably at least 65%, and with a view toimproving the viscosity, more preferably at most 73%, more preferably atmost 71%, further preferably at most 70%, particularly preferably atmost 69%.

The Na₂O content is, in order to increase the melting property and toadjust the average coefficient of linear expansion, more preferably atleast 0.5%, more preferably at least 1%, further preferably at least 2%,more preferably at least 3%, further preferably at least 4%,particularly preferably at least 5%, and in order to improve the weatherresistance, it is more preferably at most 15%, further preferably atmost 13%, particularly preferably at most 11%, even more preferably atmost 10%, most preferably at most 8%.

The K₂O content is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 0.5%, more preferably at least 2%, furtherpreferably at least 3%, particularly preferably at least 4%, even morepreferably at least 5%, most preferably at least 6%, and with a view toimproving the viscosity, it is more preferably at most 16%, furtherpreferably at most 14%, particularly preferably at most 12%, even morepreferably at most 11%, most preferably at most 10%.

The Li₂O content is, in order to increase the melting property and theYoung's modulus, and to improve the radio transmittance, more preferablyat least 3%, further preferably at least 4%, particularly preferably atleast 5%. Further, Li₂O may cause devitrification and phase separation,its content is more preferably at most 15%, further preferably at most12%, particularly preferably at most 10%, even more preferably at most8%, most preferably at most 7%.

7Al₂O₃+3MgO-4Li₂O is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least −9, further preferably at least −6, particularlypreferably at least −4, even more preferably at least −2, mostpreferably at least −1. Further, 7Al₂O₃+3MgO-4Li₂O is more preferably atmost 9.5, further preferably at most 9, particularly preferably at most8.5, even more preferably at most 8.

SrO may be contained so as to improve the melting property and toincrease the radio transmittance, and in a case where SrO is contained,its content is preferably at least 0.5, more preferably at least 1%,particularly preferably at least 2%. The SrO content is, in order toprevent the glass from being fragile, more preferably at most 12%,further preferably at most 10%, particularly preferably at most 8%, evenmore preferably at most 6%, most preferably at most 4%.

Na₂O/R₂O is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 0.1, further preferably at least 0.15, particularlypreferably at least 0.2, even more preferably at least 0.25, mostpreferably at least 0.3. Further, Na₂O/R₂O is more preferably at most0.9, further preferably at most 0.8, particularly preferably at most0.7, even more preferably at most 0.6, most preferably at most 0.5.

In the embodiment 5, SiO₂+Al₂O₃ is more preferably at least 50%, furtherpreferably at least 55%, particularly preferably at least 60%, even morepreferably at least 65%, still even more preferably at least 67%, mostpreferably at least 68. Further, SiO₂+Al₂O₃ is more preferably at most80%, further preferably at most 78%, particularly preferably at most76%, even more preferably at most 75%, even more preferably at most 74%,still even more preferably at most 73%, most preferably at most 72.5%.

In order to lower the glass viscosity at the time of melting/forming foreasy production and to increase the radio transmittance, the Al₂O₃content is more preferably at most 7%, further preferably at most 6%,particularly preferably at most 5%, even more preferably at most 4.5%,still even more preferably at most 3%, most preferably at most 3.5%. Thelower limit of Al₂O₃ is not particularly limited, and in order to securethe weather resistance, the Al₂O₃ content is more preferably at least0.5%, further preferably at least 1%, particularly preferably at least1.5%, especially particularly preferably at least 1.8%, even morepreferably at least 2%, most preferably at least 2.5%.

K₂O/R₂O is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 0.15, further preferably at least 0.2, particularlypreferably at least 0.25, even more preferably at least 0.28, mostpreferably at least 0.3. Further, K₂O/R₂O is more preferably at most0.80, further preferably at most 0.7, particularly preferably at most0.6, even more preferably at most 0.5, most preferably at most 0.4. WhenNa₂O/R₂O and K₂O/R₂O are within the predetermined ranges, the radiotransmittance is likely to be high.

In the embodiment 5, R₂O×MgO is preferably lower, so as to increase theradio transmittance. R₂O×MgO is preferably at most 200%², morepreferably at most 150%², more preferably at most 130%², more preferablyat most 120%², further preferably at most 100%², still more preferablyat most 80%², particularly preferably at most 60%², even more preferablyat most 40%², most preferably at most 30%².

In order to prevent boron and alkali elements from volatilizing duringmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality,R₂O+B₂O₃ is preferably at most 19%. R₂O+B₂O₃ is more preferably at most18.5%, further preferably at most 18%, even more preferably at most 17%,most preferably at most 16%. However, if R₂O+B₂O₃ is too low, the glassviscosity at the time of melting/forming may be too high, whereby glassproduction may be difficult.

Accordingly, R₂O+B₂O₃ is preferably at least 1%, more preferably atleast 2%, further preferably at least 4%, even more preferably at least6%, most preferably at least 8%.

In order to prevent boron and alkali elements from volatilizing duringmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality, theB₂O₃ content is preferably at most 2%. The B₂O₃ content is morepreferably at most 1.5%, further preferably at most 1%, most preferablyat most 0.5%.

In order to prevent occurrence of devitrification at the time of glassmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality,MgO+CaO is preferably at most 17%, more preferably at most 15%, furtherpreferably at most 14%, even more preferably at most 13%. However, ifMgO+CaO is too low, the glass viscosity at the time of melting/formingmay be too high, whereby glass production may be difficult. Accordingly,MgO+CaO is preferably at least 1%, more preferably at least 2%, furtherpreferably at least 4%, even more preferably at least 6%, mostpreferably at least 8%.

Further, in order to prevent the glass from being fragile and havinglowered strength, or for weight saving of the glass plate, the BaOcontent is preferably at most 1%, more preferably at most 0.8%, morepreferably at most 0.5%, further preferably at most 0.1%, particularlypreferably substantially no BaO is contained.

In the same manner as above, in order to prevent the glass from beingfragile and having lowered strength, or for weight saving of the glassplate, SrO+BaO+ZrO₂ is more preferably at most 12%, further preferablyat most 10%, particularly preferably at most 8%, even more preferably atmost 4%, most preferably at most 2%.

Further, in order to increase the radio transmittance, the MgO contentis preferably at most 11.8%, more preferably at most 10%, furtherpreferably at most 7%, particularly preferably at most 6%, even morepreferably at most 5%, still even more preferably at most 4%, still evenmore preferably at most 3%, most preferably at most 2%. With a view toimproving the melting property, it is preferably at least 0%, morepreferably at least 0.1%, still more preferably at least 0.3%,particularly preferably at least 0.5%.

In order to improve the melting property and to increase the radiotransmittance, the CaO content is preferably at least 2%, morepreferably at least 3%, further preferably at least 4%, particularlypreferably at least 5%, even more preferably at least 6%, mostpreferably at least 8%. The CaO content is, with a view to suppressingdevitrification, more preferably at most 18%, further preferably at most17%, particularly preferably at most 16%, even more preferably at most14%, most preferably at most 12%.

ZrO₂ may be contained so as to improve the chemical durability, and in acase where ZrO₂ is contained, its content is more preferably at least0.5, and in order that the average coefficient of linear expansion isnot high, it is more preferably at most 1.8%, further preferably at most1.5%.

R₂O is, with a view to improving the melting property, more preferablyat least 5%, more preferably at least 6%, more preferably at least 7%,further preferably at least 9%, particularly preferably at least 10%,and on the other hand, in order to improve the weather resistance, it ismore preferably at most 18%, further preferably at most 16.5%, stillmore preferably at most 15.5%, particularly preferably at most 14.5%,most preferably at most 13.5%.

RO is, with a view to improving the melting property and improving theradio transmittance, more preferably at least 5%, further preferably atleast 7%, particularly preferably at least 8%, most preferably at least10%. On the other hand, with a view to improving the weather resistanceand suppressing devitrification, it is more preferably at most 19%,further preferably at most 18%, still more preferably at most 17%,particularly preferably at most 16%, most preferably at most 14%.

The glass plate according to embodiment 6 of the present inventionpreferably satisfies the following conditions.

It contains, as represented by mol % based on oxides, the followingcomponents in the following contents:

55≤SiO₂≤75

0≤Al₂O₃≤5.5

0≤B₂O₃≤2

0≤MgO≤10.5

0≤CaO≤20

0≤SrO≤15

0≤BaO≤15

2.5≤Li₂O≤20

0≤Na₂O≤18.5

0≤K₂O≤18.5

0≤ZrO₂≤2

0.001≤Fe₂O₃≤5

0.001≤TiO₂≤5

2.5≤R₂O≤20

0≤RO≤20

98≤SiO₂+Al₂O₃+MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+Li₂O+Na₂O+K₂O+Fe₂O₃+TiO₂≤100

−60≤7Al₂O₃+3MgO-4Li₂O≤−10

0≤PbO<0.001.

Within the range of the embodiment 6, a glass plate having a high radiotransmittance and satisfying properties required for the desiredapplication can be obtained.

In order to increase the radio transmittance, in the embodiment 6, thefollowing range is more preferred.

The SiO₂ content is, in order to increase the Young's modulus and theweather resistance, more preferably at least 60%, further preferably atleast 63%, particularly preferably at least 65%, and with a view toimproving the viscosity, it is more preferably at most 72%, furtherpreferably at most 71%, particularly preferably at most 70%.

The Na₂O content is, in order to increase the melting property and toadjust the average coefficient of linear expansion, more preferably atleast 1%, further preferably at least 2%, particularly preferably atleast 3%. Further, Na₂O if contained deteriorates the weatherresistance, and accordingly its content is more preferably at most 15%,further preferably at most 12%, particularly preferably at most 10%,even more preferably at most 8%, most preferably at most 7%.

The K₂O content is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 0.5%, more preferably at least 1%, furtherpreferably at least 2%, still more preferably at least 3%, particularlypreferably at least 4%, and with a view to improving the viscosity, itis more preferably at most 15.5%, further preferably at most 14%,particularly preferably at most 12%, even more preferably at most 10%,still even more preferably at most 8%, most preferably at most 7%.

The Li₂O content is, in order to increase the melting property and theYoung's modulus, and to improve the radio transmittance, more preferablyat least 3%, further preferably at least 4%. Further, Li₂O may causedevitrification and phase separation, its content is more preferably atmost 15%, more preferably at most 14%, more preferably at most 13%,further preferably at most 12%, particularly preferably at most 10%,even more preferably at most 8%, most preferably at most 7%.

SrO may be contained so as to improve the melting property and toincrease the radio transmittance, and in a case where SrO is contained,its content is preferably at least 0.5%. It is more preferably at least1%, particularly preferably at least 2%. The SrO content is, in order toprevent the glass from being fragile, more preferably at most 12%,further preferably at most 10%, particularly preferably at most 8%, evenmore preferably at most 6%, most preferably at most 4%.

7Al₂O₃+3MgO-4Li₂O is, in order to improve the water resistance of theglass, more preferably at least −50, further preferably at least −40,particularly preferably at least −35, even more preferably at least −30,most preferably at least −25. Further, in order to increase the radiotransmittance of the glass, 7Al₂O₃+3MgO-4Li₂O is more preferably at most−10.5, more preferably at most −11, further preferably at most −12,particularly preferably at most −13, even more preferably at most −14,most preferably at most −15.

Na₂O/R₂O is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 0.05, further preferably at least 0.1, particularlypreferably at least 0.15, even more preferably at least 0.2, mostpreferably at least 0.25. Further, Na₂O/R₂O is, with a view to improvingthe weather resistance, more preferably at most 0.95, further preferablyat most 0.9, particularly preferably at most 0.8, even more preferablyat most 0.6, still even more preferably at most 0.5, most preferably atmost 0.4.

In the embodiment 6, in order to lower the viscosity at the time ofglass melting/forming for easy production, SiO₂+Al₂O₃ is preferably atleast 50%, more preferably at least 55%, particularly preferably atleast 60%, even more preferably at least 65%, most preferably at least68%. Further, SiO₂+Al₂O₃ is preferably at most 80%, further preferablyat most 78%, particularly preferably at most 76%, even more preferablyat most 74%, most preferably at most 72.5%.

In order to lower the glass viscosity at the time of melting/forming foreasy production, the Al₂O₃ content is more preferably at most 5%,further preferably at most 4.5%, particularly preferably at most 4%,even more preferably at most 3.5%, most preferably at most 3%. The lowerlimit of the Al₂O₃ content is not particularly limited, and in order tosecure the weather resistance, Al₂O₃ content is more preferably at least0.1%, more preferably at least 0.2%, more preferably at least 0.5%,further preferably at least 1%, particularly preferably at least 1.5%,even more preferably at least 2%.

K₂O/R₂O is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 0.05, further preferably at least 0.1, particularlypreferably at least 0.15, even more preferably at least 0.2, mostpreferably at least 0.25. Further, K₂O/R₂O is, with a view to improvingthe weather resistance, more preferably at most 0.95, further preferablyat most 0.9, particularly preferably at most 0.7, even more preferablyat most 0.5, most preferably at most 0.4. By Na₂O/R₂O and K₂O/R₂O beingwithin the predetermined ranges, the radio transmittance is likely to beincreased.

In the embodiment 6, R₂O×MgO is more preferably lower, so as to increasethe radio transmittance. R₂O×MgO is more preferably at most 200%², morepreferably at most 160%², more preferably at most 120%², furtherpreferably at most 100%², still more preferably at most 80%²,particularly preferably at most 60%², even more preferably at most 40%²,most preferably at most 20%².

In order to prevent boron and alkali elements from volatilizing duringmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality,R₂O+B₂O₃ is preferably at most 19%, more preferably at most 18.5%,further preferably at most 18%, even more preferably at most 17%, mostpreferably at most 16%. However, if R₂O+B₂O₃ is too low, the glassviscosity at the time of melting/forming may be too high, whereby glassproduction may be difficult. Accordingly, R₂O+B₂O₃ is preferably atleast 2.5%, more preferably at least 5%, further preferably at least10%, even more preferably at least 12%, most preferably at least 13%.

In order to prevent boron and alkali elements from volatilizing duringmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality, theB₂O₃ content is preferably at most 2%. The B₂O₃ content is morepreferably at most 1.5%, further preferably at most 1%, even morepreferably at most 0.75%, most preferably at most 0.5%.

In order to prevent occurrence of devitrification at the time of glassmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality,MgO+CaO is preferably at most 15%, more preferably at most 14%, furtherpreferably at most 13%. However, if MgO+CaO is too low, the glassviscosity at the time of melting/forming may be too high, and glassproduction may be difficult. Accordingly, MgO+CaO is preferably at least1%, more preferably at least 2%, further preferably at least 4%, evenmore preferably at least 6%, most preferably at least 8%.

Further, in order to prevent the glass from being fragile and havinglowered strength, or for weight saving of the glass plate, the BaOcontent is preferably at most 15%, more preferably at most 8%, furtherpreferably at most 4%, particularly preferably at most 2%, even morepreferably at most 1%, still more preferably at most 0.5%, mostpreferably substantially no BaO is contained.

In the same manner as above, in order to prevent the glass from beingfragile and having lowered strength, or for weight saving of the glassplate, SrO+BaO+ZrO₂ is preferably at most 15%. It is more preferably atmost 14%, further preferably at most 10%, still more preferably at most8%, particularly preferably at most 5%, even more preferably at most 4%,most preferably at most 2%.

Further, in order to increase the radio transmittance, the MgO contentis more preferably at most 10.5%, further preferably at most 8%,particularly preferably at most 6%, even more preferably at most 4%,most preferably at most 2%. With a view to improving the meltingproperty, it is preferably at least 0%, more preferably at least 0.1%,still more preferably at least 0.2%, particularly preferably at least0.3%, most preferably at least 0.5%.

In order to improve the melting property and to increase the radiotransmittance, the CaO content is more preferably at least 0.5%, furtherpreferably at least 1%, particularly preferably at least 2%, even morepreferably at least 3%, still even more preferably at least 6%, mostpreferably at least 8%. The CaO content is, with a view to suppressingdevitrification, more preferably at most 18%, further preferably at most17%, particularly preferably at most 16%, even more preferably at most15%, most preferably at most 14%.

ZrO₂ may be contained so as to improve the chemical durability, and in acase where ZrO₂ is contained, its content is more preferably at least0.5%. In order that the average coefficient of linear expansion is nothigh, it is more preferably at most 1.8%, further preferably at most1.5%.

R₂O is, with a view to improving the melting property, more preferablyat least 5%, more preferably at least 6%, more preferably at least 7%,further preferably at least 8%, particularly preferably at least 10%,most preferably at least 12%. On the other hand, in order to improve theweather resistance, it is more preferably at most 18%, furtherpreferably at most 16%, still more preferably at most 15%, particularlypreferably at most 14.5%.

RO is, with a view to improving the melting property and improving theradio transmittance, more preferably at least 5%, further preferably atleast 7%, particularly preferably at least 10%, most preferably at least12%. On the other hand, with a view to improving the weather resistanceand suppressing devitrification, it is more preferably at most 19%,further preferably at most 18%, still more preferably at most 17%,particularly preferably at most 16%, most preferably at most 15%.

The glass plate according to embodiment 7 of the present inventionpreferably satisfies the following conditions.

It contains, as represented by mol % based on oxides, the followingcomponents in the following contents:

55≤SiO₂≤75

1.44≤Al₂O₃≤9

0.5≤B₂O₃≤13

0≤MgO≤15

0≤CaO≤20

0≤SrO≤15

0≤BaO≤1

0.01≤Li₂O≤19.1

0≤Na₂O≤16

0.9≤K₂O≤16

0≤ZrO₂≤2

0.001≤Fe₂O₃≤5

0.001≤TiO₂≤5

0.91≤R₂O≤20

0≤RO≤20

85≤SiO₂+Al₂O₃+MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+Li₂O+Na₂O+K₂O+Fe₂O₃+TiO₂≤100

10≤7Al₂O₃+3MgO-4Li₂O≤66

0≤Na₂O/R₂O≤0.8

0≤PbO≤0.001

0≤ZnO<3.

Within the range of the embodiment 7, a glass plate having a high radiotransmittance and satisfying properties required for the desiredapplication can be obtained.

In order to increase the radio transmittance, in the embodiment 7, thefollowing range is more preferred.

The SiO₂ content is, in order to increase the Young's modulus and theweather resistance, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably atleast 62%, further preferably at least 64%, particularly preferably atleast 65%. With a view to improving the viscosity, it is more preferablyat most 73%, further preferably at most 71%, still more preferably atmost 70%, particularly preferably at most 68%.

The Na₂O content is, in order to increase the melting property and toadjust the average coefficient of linear expansion, more preferably atleast 1%, further preferably at least 1.5%, particularly preferably atleast 2%, even more preferably at least 2.5%, still even more preferablyat least 3%, most preferably at least 4%. Further, Na₂O if containeddeteriorates the weather resistance, and accordingly its content is morepreferably at most 15%, further preferably at most 14%, particularlypreferably at most 13%, even more preferably at most 12%, still evenmore preferably at most 10%, most preferably at most 8%.

The K₂O content is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 0.5%, more preferably at least 1%, furtherpreferably at least 1.5%, particularly preferably at least 2%, even morepreferably at least 3%, most preferably at least 4%. Further, the K₂Ocontent is more preferably at most 15%, further preferably at most 13%,particularly preferably at most 12%, even more preferably at most 10%,most preferably at most 8%.

The Li₂O content is, in order to increase the melting property and theYoung's modulus and to improve the radio transmittance, more preferablyat least 1%, further preferably at least 2%, particularly preferably atleast 3%, even more preferably at least 4%. Further, Li₂O if containedmay cause devitrification and phase separation, and accordingly itscontent is more preferably at most 15%, further preferably at most 12%,particularly preferably at most 10%, even more preferably at most 8%,most preferably at most 6%.

SrO may be contained so as to improve the melting property and toincrease the radio transmittance, and in a case where SrO is contained,its content is preferably at least 0.5%, more preferably at least 1%,particularly preferably at least 2%. The SrO content is, in order toprevent the glass from being fragile, more preferably at most 12%,further preferably at most 10%, particularly preferably at most 8%, evenmore preferably at most 6%, most preferably at most 4%.

7Al₂O₃+3MgO-4Li₂O is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 11, further preferably at least 13, particularlypreferably at least 15, even more preferably at least 17, mostpreferably at least 19. Further, the range of 7Al₂O₃+3MgO-4Li₂O is morepreferably at most 60, further preferably at most 50, particularlypreferably at most 45, even more preferably at most 40, most preferablyat most 35.

Na₂O/R₂O is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 0.05, further preferably at least 0.1, particularlypreferably at last 0.15, even more preferably at least 0.2, still evenmore preferably at least 0.25, most preferably at least 0.3. Further,Na₂O/R₂O is more preferably at most 0.85, further preferably at most0.8, particularly preferably at most 0.6, even more preferably at most0.5, most preferably at most 0.4.

In the embodiment 7, in order to lower the glass viscosity at the timeof melting/forming for easy production, SiO₂+Al₂O₃ is preferably atleast 50, further preferably at least 55, particularly preferably atleast 60, even more preferably at least 65, most preferably at least 67.Further, SiO₂+Al₂O₃ is preferably at most 75, further preferably at most74, particularly preferably at most 73, even more preferably at most 72,most preferably at most 71.

In order to lower the glass viscosity at the time of melting/forming foreasy production, and to increase the radio transmittance, the Al₂O₃content is preferably at most 9%. The Al₂O₃ content is more preferablyat most 8%, further preferably at most 7%, particularly preferably atmost 6%, even more preferably at most 5%. Further, the Al₂O₃ content is,in order to secure the weather resistance, more preferably at least1.5%, further preferably at least 2%, particularly preferably at least2.5%.

K₂O/R₂O is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 0.05, further preferably at least 0.1, particularlypreferably at least 0.15, even more preferably at least 0.2, still evenmore preferably at least 0.25, most preferably at least 0.30. Further,K₂O/R₂O is more preferably at most 0.95, further preferably at most 0.8,particularly preferably at most 0.7, even more preferably at most 0.6,still even more preferably at most 0.5, most preferably at most 0.4.

In the embodiment 7, R₂O×MgO is more preferably lower so as to increasethe radio transmittance. R₂O×MgO is preferably at most 200%², morepreferably at most 180%², further preferably at most 160%², particularlypreferably at most 140%², even more preferably at most 120%², still evenmore preferably at most 100%², most preferably at most 80%².

In order to prevent boron and alkali elements from volatilizing duringmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality,R₂O+B₂O₃ is preferably at most 25%. It is more preferably at most 23%,further preferably at most 20%, even more preferably at most 18%, mostpreferably at most 16%. However, if R₂O+B₂O₃ is too low, the glassviscosity at the time of melting/forming may be too high, whereby glassproduction may be difficult. Accordingly, R₂O+B₂O₃ is preferably atleast 1%, more preferably at least 2%, further preferably at least 4%,even more preferably at least 6%, most preferably at least 8%.

In order to prevent boron and alkali elements from volatilizing duringmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality, theB₂O₃ content is preferably at most 13%, more preferably at most 12%,further preferably at most 10%, even more preferably at most 8%, mostpreferably at most 6%. Further, with a view to improving the meltingproperty, the B₂O₃ content is preferably at least 0.5%, more preferablyat least 1%, further preferably at least 1.5%, particularly preferablyat least 2%.

In order to prevent occurrence of devitrification at the time of glassmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality,MgO+CaO is preferably at most 15%, more preferably at most 14%, furtherpreferably at most 13%, even more preferably at most 12%, mostpreferably at most 10%. Further, if MgO+CaO is too low, the glassviscosity at the time of melting/forming may be too high, whereby glassproduction may be difficult. Accordingly, MgO+CaO is preferably at least1%, more preferably at least 2%, further preferably at least 4%, evenmore preferably at least 5%, most preferably at least 6%.

Further, in order to prevent the glass from being fragile and havinglowered strength, or for weight saving of the glass plate, the BaOcontent is preferably at most 1%, more preferably at most 0.5%, furtherpreferably at most 0.1%, particularly preferably substantially no BaO iscontained.

In the same manner as above, in order to prevent the glass from beingfragile and having lowered strength, or for weight saving of the glassplate, SrO+BaO+ZrO₂ is preferably at most 10%, more preferably at most8%, further preferably at most 6%, particularly preferably at most 5%,even more preferably at most 4%, most preferably at most 3%.

Further, in order to increase the radio transmittance, the MgO contentis more preferably at most 10%, further preferably at most 8%,particularly preferably at most 6%, even more preferably at most 4.5%,still even more preferably at most 3%, most preferably at most 2%.

In order to improve the melting property and to increase the radiotransmittance, the CaO content is more preferably at least 0.5%. The CaOcontent is more preferably at least 1%, further preferably at least 3%,particularly preferably at least 5%, even more preferably at least 6%,most preferably at least 7%. The CaO content is, with a view tosuppressing devitrification, more preferably at most 18%, furtherpreferably at most 15%, particularly preferably at most 14%, even morepreferably at most 12%, most preferably at most 10%.

ZrO₂ may be contained so as to improve the chemical durability, and in acase where ZrO₂ is contained, its content is more preferably at least0.5%. In order that the average coefficient of linear expansion is nothigh, the ZrO₂ content is more preferably at most 1.8%, furtherpreferably at most 1.5%.

The R₂O content is, with a view to improving the melting property, morepreferably at least 5%, more preferably at least 6%, further preferablyat least 7%, particularly preferably at least 8%, and on the other hand,in order to improve the weather resistance, more preferably at most 18%,further preferably at most 17%, still more preferably at most 16%,particularly preferably at most 15%, most preferably at most 14%.

The RO content is, with a view to improving the melting property andimproving the radio transmittance, more preferably at least 5%, furtherpreferably at least 7%, particularly preferably at least 10%, and on theother hand, with a view to improving the weather resistance andsuppressing devitrification, more preferably at most 19%, furtherpreferably at most 18%, still more preferably at most 17%, particularlypreferably at most 15%, most preferably at most 13%.

The glass plate according to the present embodiment may contain ZnOwhich has an effect to suppress devitrification. If ZnO is contained ina large amount, defects may occur at the time of production in a floatbath, and accordingly the ZnO content is preferably at most 3%. The ZnOcontent is more preferably at most 2%, more preferably at most 1.5%,further preferably at most 1%, and preferably substantially no ZnO iscontained.

The glass plate according to embodiment 8 of the present inventionpreferably satisfies the following conditions.

It contains, as represented by mol % based on oxides, the followingcomponents in the following contents:

55≤SiO₂≤75

1≤Al₂O₃≤7.8

0.5≤B₂O₃≤15

0≤MgO≤11.8

2≤CaO≤20

0≤SrO≤15

0≤BaO≤1

4.25≤Li₂O≤19.15

0.25≤Na₂O≤15.15

0.60≤K₂O≤15.5

0≤ZrO₂≤2

0.001≤Fe₂O₃≤5

0.001≤TiO₂≤5

5.10≤R₂O≤20

2≤RO≤20

85≤SiO₂+Al₂O₃+MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+Li₂O+Na₂O+K₂O+Fe₂O₃+TiO₂≤100

−10≤7Al₂O₃+3MgO-4Li₂O≤10

0.05≤Na₂O/R₂O≤0.95

0.11≤K₂O/R₂O≤0.9

0≤PbO<0.001.

Within the range of the embodiment 8, a glass plate having a high radiotransmittance and satisfying properties required for the desiredapplication can be obtained.

In order to increase the radio transmittance, in the embodiment 8, thefollowing range is more preferred.

The SiO₂ content is, in order to increase the Young's modulus and theweather resistance, more preferably at least 60%, further preferably atleast 63%, particularly preferably at least 65%. With a view toimproving the viscosity, it is more preferably at most 73%, furtherpreferably at most 72%, particularly preferably at most 70%.

The Na₂O content is, in order to increase the melting property and toadjust the average coefficient of linear expansion, more preferably atleast 2%, further preferably at least 4%, particularly preferably atleast 5%. Further, Na₂O if contained deteriorates the weatherresistance, and accordingly its content is more preferably at most 15%,further preferably at most 13%, particularly preferably at most 11%,even more preferably at most 10%, most preferably at most 8%.

The K₂O content is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 1.0%, further preferably at least 2%, particularlypreferably at least 4%, even more preferably at least 5%. Further, theK₂O content is more preferably at most 15%, further preferably at most14%, particularly preferably at most 12%, even more preferably at most10%, most preferably at most 8%.

The Li₂O content is, in order to increase the melting property and theYoung's modulus and to improve the radio transmittance, more preferablyat least 4.5%, further preferably at least 5.0%, particularly preferablyat least 5.5%, even more preferably at least 6.0%. Further, Li₂O ifcontained may cause devitrification and phase separation, andaccordingly its content is more preferably at most 15%, more preferablyat most 12%, more preferably at most 10%, further preferably at most 9%,particularly preferably at most 8%, even more preferably at most 7%,most preferably at most 6%.

7Al₂O₃+3MgO-4Li₂O is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least −9, further preferably at least −6, particularlypreferably at least −4, even more preferably at least −2, mostpreferably at least −1. Further, 7Al₂O₃+3MgO-4Li₂O is more preferably atmost 9, further preferably at most 8, particularly preferably at most 7,even more preferably at most 6, most preferably at most 5.

SrO may be contained so as to improve the melting property and toincrease the radio transmittance, and in a case where SrO is contained,its content is preferably at least 0.5%, more preferably at least 1%,particularly preferably at least 2%. The SrO content is, in order toprevent the glass from being fragile, more preferably at most 12%,further preferably at most 10%, particularly preferably at most 8%, evenmore preferably at most 6%, most preferably at most 4%.

Na₂O/R₂O is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 0.1, further preferably at least 0.15, particularlypreferably at least 0.2, even more preferably at least 0.25, mostpreferably at least 0.3. Further, Na₂O/R₂O is more preferably at most0.9, further preferably at most 0.8, particularly preferably at most0.7, even more preferably at most 0.6, still even more preferably atmost 0.5, most preferably at most 0.4.

In the embodiment 8, SiO₂+Al₂O₃ is more preferably at least 50%, furtherpreferably at least 55%, particularly preferably at least 60%, even morepreferably at least 65%, most preferably at least 68. Further,SiO₂₊Al₂O₃ is more preferably at most 80%, further preferably at most78%, particularly preferably at most 75%, even more preferably at most74%, still even more preferably at most 73%, most preferably at most72%.

In order to lower the glass viscosity at the time of melting/forming foreasy production, and to increase the radio transmittance, the Al₂O₃content is preferably at most 7%. The Al₂O₃ content is furtherpreferably at most 6%, particularly preferably at most 5%, mostpreferably at most 4%. The Al₂O₃ content is, to secure the weatherresistance, more preferably at least 1.5%, further preferably at least2%, particularly preferably at least 2.5%.

K₂O/R₂O is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 0.15, further preferably at least 0.2, particularlypreferably at least 0.25, even more preferably at least 0.28, mostpreferably at least 0.3. Further, K₂O/R₂O is more preferably at most0.85, further preferably at most 0.8, particularly preferably at most0.7, even more preferably at most 0.5, most preferably at most 0.4. ByNa₂O/R₂O and K₂O/R₂O being within the predetermined ranges, the radiotransmittance is likely to be increased.

In the embodiment 8, R₂O×MgO is more preferably low so as to increasethe radio transmittance. R₂O×MgO is preferably at most 200%², morepreferably at most 150%², further preferably at most 100%², particularlypreferably at most 60%², even more preferably at most 50%², still evenmore preferably at most 40%², most preferably at most 30%².

In order to prevent boron and alkali elements from volatilizing duringmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality,R₂O+B₂O₃ is preferably at most 25%, more preferably at most 22%, furtherpreferably at most 20%, even more preferably at most 19%, mostpreferably at most 18%. However, if R₂O+B₂O₃ is too low, the glassviscosity at the time of melting/forming may be too high, whereby glassproduction may be difficult. Accordingly, R₂O+B₂O₃ is preferably atleast 1%, more preferably at least 2%, further preferably at least 4%,even more preferably at least 6%, most preferably at least 10%.

In order to prevent boron and alkali elements from volatilizing duringmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality, theB₂O₃ content is more preferably at most 12%, further preferably at most8%, even more preferably at most 6%, most preferably at most 5%.Further, in order to improve the melting property, the B₂O₃ content ispreferably at least 0.5%. The B₂O₃ content is more preferably at least1%, further preferably at least 2%.

In order to prevent occurrence of devitrification at the time of glassmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality, therange of MgO+CaO is preferably at most 15%, more preferably at most 14%,further preferably at most 13%, even more preferably at most 12%, mostpreferably at most 10%. However, if MgO+CaO is too low, the glassviscosity at the time of melting/forming may be too high, whereby glassproduction may be difficult. Accordingly, MgO+CaO is preferably at least1%, more preferably at least 2%, further preferably at least 3%, evenmore preferably at least 4%, most preferably at least 5%.

Further, in order to prevent the glass from being fragile and havinglowered strength, or for weight saving of the glass plate, the BaOcontent is preferably at most 1%, more preferably at most 0.5%, furtherpreferably at most 0.1%, particularly preferably substantially no BaO iscontained.

In the same manner as above, in order to prevent the glass from beingfragile and having lowered strength, or for weight saving of the glassplate, SrO+BaO+ZrO₂ is more preferably at most 12%, further preferablyat most 8%, particularly preferably at most 5%, even more preferably atmost 4%, most preferably at most 3%.

Further, in order to increase the radio transmittance, the MgO contentis preferably at most 11.8%, more preferably at most 10%, furtherpreferably at most 8%, particularly preferably at most 6%, even morepreferably at most 4%, most preferably at most 2%.

In order to improve the melting property and to increase the radiotransmittance, the CaO content is preferably at least 2%, morepreferably at least 3%, further preferably at least 4%, particularlypreferably at least 5%, even more preferably at least 6%. The CaOcontent is, with a view to suppressing devitrification, more preferablyat most 18%, further preferably at most 16%, particularly preferably atmost 14%, even more preferably at most 12%, still even more preferablyat most 10%, still even more preferably at most 9%, most preferably atmost 8%.

ZrO₂ may be contained so as to improve the chemical durability, and in acase where ZrO₂ is contained, its content is more preferably at least0.5%. In order that the average coefficient of linear expansion is nothigh, its content is more preferably at most 1.8%, further preferably atmost 1.5%.

The R₂O content is, with a view to improving the melting property, morepreferably at least 6%, further preferably at least 7%, particularlypreferably at least 8%. On the other hand, in order to improve theweather resistance, it is more preferably at most 18%, furtherpreferably at most 16%, still more preferably at most 15%, even morepreferably at most 14.5%, particularly preferably at most 13.5%.

The RO content is, with a view to improving the melting property andimproving the radio transmittance, more preferably at least 4%, furtherpreferably at least 6%, particularly preferably at least 7%. On theother hand, with a view to improving the weather resistance andsuppressing devitrification, it is preferably at most 19%, furtherpreferably at most 18%, still more preferably at most 17%, still morepreferably at most 16%, particularly preferably at most 14%, mostpreferably at most 12%.

The glass plate according to embodiment 9 of the present inventionpreferably satisfies the following conditions.

It contains, as represented by mol % based on oxides, the followingcomponents in the following contents:

55≤SiO₂≤75

0.5≤Al₂O₃≤5

0≤B₂O₃≤15

0≤MgO≤15

0≤CaO≤20

0≤SrO≤15

0≤BaO≤15

3.4≤Li₂O≤20

0≤Na₂O≤16.6

0≤K₂O≤16.6

0≤ZrO₂≤2

0.001≤Fe₂O₃≤5

0.001≤TiO₂≤5

3.4≤R₂O≤20

1≤RO≤20

85≤SiO₂+Al₂O₃+MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+Li₂O+Na₂O+K₂O+Fe₂O₃+TiO₂≤100

−60≤7Al₂O₃+3MgO-4Li₂O≤−10

0≤PbO<0.001.

Within the range of the embodiment 9, a glass plate having a high radiotransmittance and satisfying properties required for the desiredapplication can be obtained.

In order to increase the radio transmittance, in the embodiment 9, thefollowing range is more preferred.

The SiO₂ content is, in order to increase the Young's modulus and theweather resistance, more preferably at least 60%, further preferably atleast 63%, particularly preferably at least 65%. With a view toimproving the viscosity, it is more preferably at most 74%, furtherpreferably at most 72%, particularly preferably at most 70%.

The Na₂O content is, in order to increase the melting property and toadjust the average coefficient of linear expansion, more preferably atleast 1%, further preferably at least 2%, particularly preferably atleast 3%. Further, Na₂O if contained deteriorates the weatherresistance, and accordingly its content is more preferably at most 15%,further preferably at most 13%, particularly preferably at most 11%,even more preferably at most 9%, most preferably at most 7%.

The K₂O content is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 0.5%, further preferably at least 1%, particularlypreferably at least 2%, even more preferably at least 3%, mostpreferably at least 4%. Further, the K₂O content is more preferably atmost 15%, further preferably at most 13%, particularly preferably atmost 11%, even more preferably at most 9%, most preferably at most 7%.

The Li₂O content is, in order to increase the melting property and theYoung's modulus and to improve the radio transmittance, more preferablyat least 3.5%, further preferably at least 4%, particularly preferablyat least 4.5%, even more preferably at least 5%. Further, Li₂O ifcontained may cause devitrification and phase separation, andaccordingly its content is more preferably at most 18%, furtherpreferably at most 16%, particularly preferably at most 14%, even morepreferably at most 13%, still even more preferably at most 12%, mostpreferably at most 10%.

SrO may be contained so as to improve the melting property and toincrease the radio transmittance, and in a case where SrO is contained,its content is preferably at least 0.5%, more preferably at least 1%,particularly preferably at least 2%. The SrO content is, in order toprevent the glass from being fragile, more preferably at most 12%,further preferably at most 10%, particularly preferably at most 8%, evenmore preferably at most 6%, most preferably at most 4%.

7Al₂O₃+3MgO-4Li₂O is, in order to improve the water resistance of theglass, more preferably at least −50, further preferably at least −40,particularly preferably at least −35, even more preferably at least −30,most preferably at least −25. Further, in order to increase the radiotransmittance of the glass, 7Al₂O₃+3MgO-4Li₂O is more preferably at most11, further preferably at most −12, particularly preferably at most −13,even more preferably at most −14, most preferably at most −15.

Na₂O/R₂O is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 0.05, further preferably at least 0.1, particularlypreferably at least 0.15, even more preferably at least 0.2, mostpreferably at least 0.25. Further, Na₂O/R₂O is more preferably at most0.95, further preferably at most 0.9, particularly preferably at most0.8, even more preferably at most 0.7, still even more preferably atmost 0.6, most preferably at most 0.5.

In the embodiment 9, in order to lower the viscosity at the time ofglass melting/forming for easy production, SiO₂+Al₂O₃ is preferably atleast 50%, further preferably at least 55%, particularly preferably atleast 60%, even more preferably at least 65%, most preferably at least68%. Further, the range of SiO₂+Al₂O₃ is preferably at most 80%, furtherpreferably at most 78%, particularly preferably at most 76%, even morepreferably at most 74%, most preferably at most 72%.

In order to lower the glass viscosity at the time of melting/forming foreasy production, the Al₂O₃ content is more preferably at most 13%. TheAl₂O₃ content is further preferably at most 11%, particularly preferablyat most 9%, even more preferably at most 7%, most preferably at most 5%.The Al₂O₃ content is, in order to secure the weather resistance, morepreferably at least 1%, further preferably at least 1.5%, particularlypreferably at least 2%, especially particularly preferably at least2.5%, most preferably at least 3%.

K₂O/R₂O is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 0.05, further preferably at least 0.1, particularlypreferably at least 0.15, even more preferably at least 0.2, mostpreferably at least 0.25. Further, K₂O/R₂O is more preferably at most0.95, further preferably at most 0.9, particularly preferably at most0.7, even more preferably at most 0.5, most preferably at most 0.4. ByNa₂O/R₂O and K₂O/R₂O being within the predetermined ranges, the radiotransmittance is likely to be increased.

In the embodiment 9, R₂O×MgO is more preferably low so as to increasethe radio transmittance. R₂O×MgO is more preferably at most 200%²,further preferably at most 100%², particularly preferably at most 70%²,even more preferably at most 50%², most preferably at most 30%².

In order to prevent boron and alkali elements from volatilizing duringmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality,R₂O+B₂O₃ is preferably at most 25%, more preferably at most 24%, morepreferably at most 23%, further preferably at most 21%, even morepreferably at most 19%, most preferably at most 18%. However, ifR₂O+B₂O₃ is too low, the glass viscosity at the time of melting/formingmay be too high, whereby glass production may be difficult. Accordingly,R₂O+B₂O₃ is preferably at least 1%, more preferably at least 2%, furtherpreferably at least 4%, even more preferably at least 6%, mostpreferably at least 8%.

In order to prevent boron and alkali elements from volatilizing duringmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality, theB₂O₃ content is preferably at most 15%, more preferably at most 12%,further preferably at most 10%, even more preferably at most 8%, mostpreferably at most 6%. Further, B₂O₃ may be contained so as to improvethe melting property, and in a case where B₂O₃ is contained, its contentis preferably at least 0.5%, more preferably at least 1%, furtherpreferably at least 2%.

In order to prevent occurrence of devitrification at the time of glassmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality, ina case where MgO and CaO are contained, MgO+CaO is preferably at most15%, more preferably at most 14%, further preferably at most 13%, evenmore preferably at most 12%, most preferably at most 10%. However, ifMgO+CaO is too low, the glass viscosity at the time of melting/formingmay be too high, whereby glass production may be difficult. Accordingly,MgO+CaO is preferably at least 1%, more preferably at least 2%, furtherpreferably at least 3%, even more preferably at least 4%, mostpreferably at least 5%.

Further, in order to prevent the glass from being fragile and havinglowered strength, or for weight saving of the glass plate, the BaOcontent is preferably at most 15%, more preferably at most 10%, furtherpreferably at most 8%, particularly preferably at most 5%, even morepreferably at most 3%, still even more preferably at most 1%, mostpreferably substantially no BaO is contained.

In the same manner as above, in order to prevent the glass from beingfragile and having lowered strength, or for weight saving of the glassplate, SrO+BaO+ZrO₂ is more preferably at most 12%, further preferablyat most 8%, particularly preferably at most 6%, even more preferably atmost 4%, most preferably at most 2%.

Further, in order to increase the radio transmittance, the MgO contentis more preferably at most 12%. The MgO content is further preferably atmost 8%, particularly preferably at most 5%, even more preferably atmost 3%, most preferably at most 2%.

In order to improve the melting property and to increase the radiotransmittance, the CaO content is more preferably at least 0.5%, furtherpreferably at least 1%, particularly preferably at least 2%, even morepreferably at least 3%, most preferably at least 4%. The CaO content is,with a view to suppressing devitrification, more preferably at most 15%,further preferably at most 13%, particularly preferably at most 11%,even more preferably at most 9%, most preferably at most 8%.

ZrO₂ may be contained so as to improve the chemical durability, and in acase where ZrO₂ is contained, its content is more preferably at least0.5%. In order that the average coefficient of linear expansion is nothigh, the content is more preferably at most 1.8%, further preferably atmost 1.5%.

The R₂O content is, with a view to improving the melting property, morepreferably at least 5%, more preferably at least 6%, more preferably atleast 7%, further preferably at least 8%, particularly preferably atleast 10%. On the other hand, in order to improve the weatherresistance, the R₂O content is more preferably at most 18%, furtherpreferably at most 17%, even more preferably at most 15%, particularlypreferably at most 14.5%.

The RO content is, with a view to improving the melting property andimproving the radio transmittance, more preferably at least 5%, furtherpreferably at least 7%, particularly preferably at least 10%, mostpreferably at least 12%, and on the other hand, with a view to improvingthe weather resistance and suppressing devitrification, more preferablyat most 19%, further preferably at most 18%, still more preferably atmost 17%, particularly preferably at most 16%, most preferably at most15%.

The glass plate according to embodiment 10 of the present inventionpreferably satisfies the following conditions.

It contains, as represented by mol % based on oxides, the followingcomponents in the following contents:

55≤SiO₂≤75

0≤Al₂O₃≤1.3

0≤B₂O₃≤15

0≤MgO≤4.5

0≤CaO≤20

0≤SrO≤4

0≤BaO≤15

0≤Li₂O≤0.01

0≤Na₂O≤14.4

1≤K₂O≤16

0≤ZrO₂≤2

0.001≤Fe₂O₃≤1.5

0.001≤TiO₂≤5

1.1≤R₂O≤18

0≤RO≤20

85≤SiO₂+Al₂O₃+MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+Li₂O+Na₂O+K₂O+Fe₂O₃+TiO₂≤100

0≤7Al₂O₃+3MgO≤22.6

0.05≤Na₂O/R₂O≤0.80

0≤PbO≤0.001

0≤ZnO<0.5.

Within the range of the embodiment 10, a glass plate which has a highradio transmittance, mass production of which by float process is easilyconducted, and which satisfies properties required for the desiredapplication, can be obtained.

In order to increase the radio transmittance, in the embodiment 10, thefollowing range is more preferred.

The SiO₂ content is, in order to increase the Young's modulus and theweather resistance, more preferably at least 60%, further preferably atleast 65%, still more preferably at least 68%, particularly preferablyat least 70%. With a view to improving the viscosity, the SiO₂ contentis more preferably at most 74%, further preferably at most 73.5%,particularly preferably at most 73%.

Al₂O₃ is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, more preferablyless than 1.3%, more preferably at most 1.2%, further preferably at most1.0%, particularly preferably at most 0.8%. In order to increase theYoung's modulus and the weather resistance, more preferably at least0.1%, further preferably at least 0.2%, particularly preferably at least0.3%, most preferably at least 0.5%.

The MgO content is, with a view to improving the melting property andthe weather resistance, more preferably at least 0.1%, furtherpreferably at least 0.25%, still more preferably at least 0.3%, stillmore preferably at least 0.4%, particularly preferably at least 0.5%.The MgO content is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at most 4.5%, more preferably at most 4.0%, more preferablyat most 3.5%, further preferably at most 3%, still more preferably atmost 2.5%, even more preferably at most 2%, particularly preferably atmost 1.5%, most preferably at most 1%.

The CaO content is, in order to improve the melting property and toincrease the radio transmittance, preferably at least 1%, morepreferably at least 2%, further preferably at least 4%, particularlypreferably at least 5%, even more preferably at least 6%, mostpreferably at least 8%. The CaO content is, with a view to suppressingdevitrification, more preferably at most 18%, further preferably at most16%, particularly preferably at most 15%, even more preferably at most14%, most preferably at most 13%.

BaO may be contained so as to improve the melting property and toincrease the radio transmittance, and in a case where BaO is contained,its content is preferably at least 0.5%, more preferably at least 1%,particularly preferably at least 2%. The BaO content is, in order toprevent the glass from being fragile, more preferably at most 12%,further preferably at most 10%, particularly preferably at most 7%,especially particularly preferably at most 5%, most preferably at most3%.

The Na₂O content is, in order to increase the melting property and toadjust the average coefficient of linear expansion, more preferably atleast 0.1%, further preferably at least 1%, particularly preferably atleast 3%, even more preferably at least 5%, still even more preferablyat least 6%, most preferably at least 7%. Further, Na₂O if containeddeteriorates the weather resistance, and accordingly its content is morepreferably at most 13%, further preferably at most 11%, particularlypreferably at most 10%, even more preferably at most 9%, most preferablyat most 8%.

The K₂O content is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 3%, further preferably at least 4%, particularlypreferably at least 5%, even more preferably at least 6%, mostpreferably at least 7%. In order that the high temperature viscosity isnot too high, it is more preferably at most 13%, further preferably atmost 11%, particularly preferably at most 10%, even more preferably atmost 9%, most preferably at most 8%.

ZrO₂ may be contained so as to improve the chemical durability, and in acase where ZrO₂ is contained, its content is more preferably at least0.5%. The ZrO₂ content is, in order that the average coefficient oflinear expansion is not high, more preferably at most 1.8%, furtherpreferably at most 1.5%.

R₂O is, with a view to improving the melting property, more preferablyat least 4%, more preferably at least 5%, further preferably at least6%, still more preferably at least 7%, particularly preferably at least8%. On the other hand, in order to improve the weather resistance, it ismore preferably at most 17%, further preferably at most 15%, still morepreferably at most 14%, particularly preferably at most 13%,particularly preferably at most 12%, especially particularly preferablyat most 11%, most preferably at most 10%.

RO is, with a view to improving the melting property and improving theradio transmittance, more preferably at least 4%, more preferably atleast 5%, further preferably at least 7%, particularly preferably atleast 10%, especially particularly preferably at least 12%, mostpreferably at least 12.5%. On the other hand, with a view to improvingthe weather resistance and suppressing devitrification, it is morepreferably at most 19%, further preferably at most 18%, still morepreferably at most 17%, particularly preferably at most 16%, mostpreferably at most 15%.

7Al₂O₃+3MgO is, in order to increase the weather resistance and toincrease the Young's modulus thereby to increase rigidity of the glassplate, more preferably at least 0.5%, further preferably at least 1%,particularly preferably at least 2%, even more preferably at least 3%,most preferably at least 5%. Further, in order to increase the radiotransmittance, 7Al₂O₃+3MgO is more preferably at most 22%, furtherpreferably at most 20%, particularly preferably at most 18%, even morepreferably at most 15%, most preferably at most 10%.

Na₂O/R₂O is, in order to increase the radio transmittance, morepreferably at least 0.1, more preferably at least 0.2, more preferablyat least 0.25, further preferably at least 0.3, particularly preferablyat least 0.35, even more preferably at least 0.4, most preferably atleast 0.45. Further, Na₂O/R₂O is more preferably at most 0.75, furtherpreferably at most 0.7, particularly preferably at most 0.65, even morepreferably at most 0.6, most preferably at most 0.55.

SiO₂₊Al₂O₃ is more preferably at least 50%, further preferably at least55%, particularly preferably at least 60%, even more preferably at least65%, most preferably at least 68%. Further, SiO₂₊Al₂O₃ is morepreferably at most 80%, further preferably at most 78%, particularlypreferably at most 76%, even more preferably at most 74.5%, still evenmore preferably at most 74%, most preferably at most 73%.

R₂O×MgO is more preferably lower so as to increase the radiotransmittance. R₂O×MgO is preferably at most 80%², more preferably atmost 75%², further preferably at most 70%², particularly preferably atmost 50%², even more preferably at most 30%², most preferably at most20%².

In order to prevent boron and alkali elements from volatilizing duringmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality,R₂O+B₂O₃ is preferably at most 19%, more preferably at most 18%, furtherpreferably at most 17%, even more preferably at most 16%, mostpreferably at most 15%. However, if R₂O+B₂O₃ is too low, the glassviscosity at the time of melting/forming may be too high, whereby glassproduction may be difficult. Accordingly, R₂O+B₂O₃ is preferably atleast 2%, more preferably at least 4%, more preferably at least 6%,further preferably at least 8%, even more preferably at least 10%, mostpreferably at least 12%.

In the embodiment 10 also, in order to prevent boron and alkali elementsfrom volatilizing during melting/forming, thus leading to deteriorationof the glass quality, by a relative increase of the Na₂O content in theglass to the total alkali amount, particularly in production by floatprocess, the B₂O₃ content is preferably at most 15%, more preferably atmost 10%, further preferably at most 7%, even more preferably at most5%, still even more preferably at most 3%, particularly preferably atmost 2%, especially particularly preferably at most 1%, most preferablysubstantially no B₂O₃ is contained.

The glass plate according to the embodiment 10 preferably satisfies85≤SiO₂+Al₂O₃+MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+Li₂O+Na₂O+K₂O+Fe₂O₃+TiO₂≤100, whereby aglass plate can be produced from easily available glass raw materials.Further, in the case of a composition with small Al₂O₃ and MgO as theglass of the present embodiment, in order to secure also the weatherresistance of the glass plate, the above total amount is more preferablyat least 98.5%. It is more preferably at least 99%, particularlypreferably at least 99.5%. Since a glass plate for a window materialtypically contains a coloring agent, a fining agent, etc., the upperlimit of the total amount is even more preferably 99.9%.

Further, in the embodiment 10, in order to prevent the glass from beingfragile and having lowered strength, since the amounts of Al₂O₃ and MgOare small, and for weight saving of the glass plate, the SrO content ispreferably at most 4%, more preferably at most 2.5%, further preferablyat most 1%, and particularly preferably substantially no SrO iscontained.

In order to prevent occurrence of devitrification at the time of glassmelting/forming, thus leading to deterioration of the glass quality,MgO+CaO is preferably at most 18%, more preferably at most 16%, morepreferably at most 14%, further preferably at most 13%, even morepreferably at most 12%, most preferably at most 11%. However, if MgO+CaOis too low, the glass viscosity at the time of melting/forming may betoo high, whereby glass production may be difficult. Accordingly,MgO+CaO is preferably at least 1%, more preferably at least 3%, furtherpreferably at least 4%, even more preferably at least 6%, mostpreferably at least 9%.

The glass plate according to the embodiment 10 particularly tends to bedevitrified. Accordingly, the TiO₂ content is preferably at most 1.5%,more preferably at most 1%, further preferably at most 0.5%,particularly preferably at most 0.2%, even more preferably at most 0.1%,most preferably at most 0.05%.

In order that the glass plate according to the embodiment 10 can beproduced by float process, the ZnO content is preferably at most 0.5%.ZnO if contained forms a Zn-based compound in a float bath, thus leadingto glass defects. Accordingly, the ZnO content is more preferably atmost 0.1%, further preferably ZnO is not contained.

Of the glass plate according to the present embodiment, the Fe₂O₃content is preferably from 0.001% to 1.5%. If the Fe₂O₃ content is lessthan 0.001%, the glass plate may not be used for an application forwhich heat shielding property is required, it is necessary to use anexpensive raw material having a low iron content for production of theglass plate, and further, thermal radiation may reach the bottom of themelting furnace more than necessary at the time of glass melting and aburden may be imposed on the melting furnace. The Fe₂O₃ content is morepreferably at least 0.005%, further preferably at least 0.01%,particularly preferably at least 0.015%, even more preferably at least0.02%, most preferably at least 0.05%.

If the Fe₂O₃ content is higher than 1.5%, heat transfer by radiation maybe inhibited, whereby the raw materials may not easily be melted.Further, if the Fe₂O₃ content is too high, the light transmittance inthe visible region decreases (Tv decreases), and such a glass plate maynot be suitable for an application to automobiles. Accordingly, theFe₂O₃ content is more preferably at most 1.5%, further preferably atmost 1%, further preferably at most 0.8%, still more preferably at most0.6%, particularly preferably at most 0.5%, even more preferably at most0.4%, most preferably at most 0.3%.

Of the glass plate in the present invention, according to any of theabove embodiments, the NiO content is preferably at most 100 mass ppm(including 0 mass ppm). Of the glass plate of the present invention, thetotal content of components other than SiO₂, Al₂O₃, B₂O₃, MgO, CaO, SrO,BaO, Li₂O, Na₂O, K₂O, TiO₂, ZrO₂, Fe₂O₃ and NiO (hereinafter sometimesreferred to as “other components”) is preferably at most 5%. Such othercomponents may, for example, be Y₂O₃, Nd₂O₅, P₂O₅, GaO₂, GeO₂, CeO₂,MnO₂, CoO, Cr₂O₃, V₂O₅, Se, Au₂O₃, Ag₂O, ZnO, CuO, CdO, SO₃, Cl, F, SnO₂and Sb₂O₃, and they may be in the form of metal ions or may be in theform of an oxide. Of the glass plate of the present invention, morepreferably the NiO content is at most 100 mass ppm (including 0 massppm) and the total content of other components is at most 5%.

NiO if contained forms NiS, which may lead to glass destruction, andaccordingly its content is preferably at most 100 mass ppm, morepreferably at most 10 mass ppm, and further preferably substantially noNiO is contained. Other components may be contained in a content of atmost 5% for various purposes (for example, fining and coloring). If thecontent of other components is higher than 5%, the radio transmittancemay be negatively affected. The content of other components is morepreferably at most 3%, more preferably at most 2%, further preferably atmost 1.5%, further preferably at most 1%, particularly preferably atmost 0.5%, even more preferably at most 0.3%, most preferably at most0.1%. Further, in order to prevent influence over the environment andhuman body, the As₂O₃ and PbO contents are respectively preferably lessthan 0.001%, and most preferably substantially no As₂O₃ and PbO arecontained.

SO₃ may be used as a fining agent and contribute to degassing. In a casewhere SO₃ is used, it may be contained in the glass by using a sulfateas a raw material, and in a case where SO₃ is contained, its content ispreferably at least 0.01%, more preferably at least 0.02%, morepreferably at least 0.04%, particularly preferably at least 0.08%, mostpreferably at least 0.1%. If it is contained in a large amount, theabove-described amber coloring may occur, and accordingly its content ispreferably at most 1%, more preferably at most 0.8%, still morepreferably at most 0.6%, most preferably at most 0.5%.

Sb₂O₃ acts as a fining agent in the same manner as SO₃, and in order toprevent influence over the environment and human body, its content ismore preferably at most 0.5%, further preferably at most 0.2%, stillmore preferably at most 0.1%, particularly preferably at most 0.05%,especially particularly preferably at most 0.01%, and most preferablysubstantially no Sb₂O₃ is contained.

CeO₂ acts as an oxidizing agent to control the FeO amount. Further, itblocks ultraviolet light to prevent deterioration of an interiormaterial by ultraviolet light. In a case where CeO₂ is contained, itscontent is preferably at least 0.004%, more preferably at least 0.01%,further preferably at least 0.05%, particularly preferably at least0.1%. In order to prevent the cost increase at the time of production,it is preferably at most 1%, more preferably at most 0.5%, particularlypreferably at most 0.3%.

Cr₂O₃ acts as an oxidizing agent to control the FeO amount. In a casewhere Cr₂O₃ is contained, its content is preferably at least 0.002%,more preferably at least 0.004%. Cr₂O₃ has coloring in the visibleregion and thus may decrease the transmittance in the visible region.The content is preferably at most 1%, more preferably at most 0.5%,particularly preferably at most 0.3%, most preferably at most 0.1%.

SnO₂ functions as a reducing agent to control the FeO amount. In a casewhere SnO₂ is contained, its content is preferably at least 0.01%, morepreferably at least 0.04%, further preferably at least 0.06%,particularly preferably at least 0.08%. In order to suppress defectsderived from SnO₂ at the time of production, its content is preferablyat most 1%, more preferably at most 0.5%, particularly preferably atmost 0.3%, most preferably at most 0.2%.

Further, P₂O₅ is likely to generate glass defects in a float bath inproduction by float process, and accordingly its content is morepreferably at most 1%, further preferably at most 0.5%, particularlypreferably at most 0.1%, even more preferably less than 0.001%.

The glass plate of the present invention preferably has a dielectricloss tan δ at a frequency of 35 GHz of at least 0.001 and at most 0.019.The dielectric loss tan δ of the glass material is particularlypreferably low, whereby the radio transmittance can be increased. tan δis preferably at most 0.019, more preferably at most 0.017, furtherpreferably at most 0.015, particularly preferably at most 0.013, evenmore preferably at most 0.010, most preferably at most 0.008. In view ofthe radio transmittance, there is no lower limit of the preferreddielectric loss, however, if tan δ is too low, the SiO₂ content tends tobe too high, and the glass melting property may decrease. Accordingly,tan δ is preferably at least 0.0015, more preferably at least 0.003,further preferably at least 0.004, particularly preferably at least0.005, even more preferably at least 0.007, most preferably at least0.0075.

The glass plate of the present invention has a thickness of preferablyat least 1 mm and at most 36 mm. If the thickness is less than 1 mm, theglass plate is less likely to have rigidity and may hardly bepractically used. The thickness of the glass plate of the presentinvention is more preferably at least 1.2 mm, further preferably atleast 1.8 mm, particularly preferably at least 2.4 mm, even morepreferably at least 2.8 mm, most preferably at least 3.7 mm. Further, ifthe thickness exceeds 36 mm, advantageous of the material having a highradio transmittance may not practically sufficiently be made use of. Thethickness is more preferably at most 24 mm, further preferably at most12 mm, particularly preferably at most 10 mm, even more preferably atmost 8 mm, most preferably at most 7 mm.

The thickness may be a total thickness of a plurality of glass platesoverlaid. For examples, two different glass plates of the presentinvention may be laminated to have the above thickness. The glass plateof the present invention may be used together with another glass plate,that is, as overlaid on or disposed to be adjacent to another glassplate. The above-described glass plate having a specific composition maysecure the radio transmittance as defined in this specification, evenwhen overlaid on a glass plate having a composition out of the range ofthe specific composition. That is, only one or some layers in laminatedglass may have the above specific composition. The glass plate of thepresent invention may be used as laminated on a transparent resin otherthan glass.

In another aspect of the present invention, a window comprising theglass plate according to the above embodiment is provided.

In this specification, a “window” means one comprising a see-throughglass plate to partition the interior and the exterior of a vehicle or abuilding or one room and an adjacent room, surrounded by a non-glassmaterial. The “vehicle” includes any vehicle and transport having a roomsurrounded by a wall (which may include a window), such as anautomobile, a train, a carriage, ship, an airplane, a helicopter, acable car, a Ferris wheel, etc. Likewise, the “building” includes anybuilding having a room surrounded by a wall (which may include awindow), such as a house, an office building, a store, a warehouse, afactory, a booth, etc. The non-glass material surrounding the glassplate in the window may, for example, be a metal, a wood material, aconcrete, a stone material, a ceramic, bricks, plastic, carbon fibers,or any mixture thereof, but it is not limited thereto. The non-glassmaterial surrounding the glass plate is typically a body frame or a doorframe of an automobile, or a material of a wall, a ceiling, a floor or adoor, or a window frame, of a building. It is possible that the entiredoor, the entire wall, the entire ceiling or the entire floor maycomprise a window.

The glass plate which the window of the present invention comprisesusually has an area of at least 10,000 mm² per plate, however, a windowconstituted by a plurality of glass plates having a smaller area ispossible. The window by the present invention may comprise the glassplate of the present invention as laminated with other glass plate or atransparent material and embedded.

According to an embodiment, the window is a window for an automobile.That is, this window may be a windshield, a rear glass, a front doorglass, a rear door glass, a side glass or a roof glass of an automobile.The thickness of the glass plate which the window for an automobilecomprises is preferably at least 1.2 mm, more preferably at least 2 mm,further preferably at least 2.8 mm, even more preferably at least 3.2mm, most preferably at least 3.7 mm. The visible light transmittanceT_(VA) (JIS R3106: 1998) of the glass plate which the window for anautomobile comprises, is preferably at least 72% as calculated as 3.85mm thickness, in the case of a windshield or a front door glass. Inapplications other than a windshield or a front door glass, T_(VA) isusually from 30 to 92%.

According to an embodiment, the window for an automobile may be providedwith an information acquisition apparatus to acquire information fromoutside by light irradiation and/or light receiving, has at least oneinformation acquisition region which faces the information acquisitionapparatus and which transmits light, and has an outside glass plate, aninside glass plate and an interlayer disposed between these glassplates. It is particularly preferably used for a windshield. The windowfor an automobile may be a laminated glass or may be tempered glass. Thetempered glass may be physically tempered glass or may be chemicallytempered glass.

The wavelength of light which is applied to or received by the windowfor an automobile is preferably within a range of from 700 to 1,650 nm,whereby a commercial laser radar or infrared camera can be used.Further, the transmittance of the information acquisition region at awavelength of from 700 to 1,650 nm is preferably from 80 to 92%, wherebylight detection by the information acquisition apparatus becomes easy.The transmittance is more preferably at least 83%, further preferably atleast 86%, particularly preferably at least 88%, even more preferably atleast 89%, most preferably at least 90%. Further, if the transmittanceat a wavelength of from 700 to 1,650 nm is too high, the heat shieldingproperty may be deteriorated, and accordingly the transmittance is morepreferably at most 91.5%, further preferably at most 91%.

According to an embodiment, the window for an automobile may be providedwith an information acquisition apparatus to acquire information fromoutside by light irradiation and/or light receiving, has at least oneinformation acquisition region which faces the information acquisitionapparatus and which transmits light, and has an outside glass plate, aninside glass plate and an interlayer disposed between these glassplates. It is particularly preferably used for a windshield.

The frequency of radio waves applied to or received by the window for anautomobile is preferably within a range of from 2 to 100 GHz, whereby acommercial radar apparatus can be used. it is more preferably at least20 GHz, further preferably at least 50 GHz, particularly preferably atleast 60 GHz. Further, at least one of the outside glass plate and theinside glass plated to be used for the information acquisition regionhas a radio transmittance of preferably from 20 to 84% at a frequency of100 GHz as calculated as 18 mm thickness, whereby radio detection by theinformation acquisition apparatus will be easy. The radio transmittanceis more preferably at least 22%, further preferably at least 25%, stillmore preferably at least 29%, particularly preferably at least 33%, evenmore preferably at least 37%, most preferably at least 40%. Further, ifthe radio transmittance is too high, preparation of such glass isdifficult, and accordingly it is more preferably at most 80%, morepreferably at most 70%, more preferably at most 60%, further preferablyat most 55%, still more preferably at most 50%, particularly preferablyat most 45%, even more preferably at most 43%, most preferably at most41%.

Further, according to an embodiment, it is more preferred that bothlight irradiation and/or light receiving, and radio irradiation and/orradio receiving, are possible.

Accordingly to an embodiment, the window is a window for a buildingmaterial. That is, the window is disposed on a wall, a door, a ceiling,a roof or a floor of a building. The thickness of the glass plate whichthe window for a building material comprises, is preferably at least 2mm, more preferably at least 4 mm, further preferably at least 6 mm,particularly preferably at least 8 mm, even more preferably at least 10mm, most preferably at least 12 mm.

The glass plate according to the embodiment of the present invention, orthe glass plate which the window according to the embodiment of thepresent invention comprises, has a length of preferably at least 30 mmin a radio polarization direction. The polarization direction may be adirection perpendicular to the vertical line and in parallel with theglass plate surface, or a direction in parallel with the vertical lineand in parallel with the glass plate surface. For example, a glass platedisposed in a flat window placed perpendicular to the horizontal plane,may have the above length in a lateral (horizontal) direction or in alengthwise (vertical) direction. When the glass plate has a sufficientlength in a polarization direction, radio waves of a radar or a mobilephone are likely to be transmitted/received.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a radiocommunication apparatus comprising the glass plate according to theabove embodiment is provided.

In this specification, the “radio communication apparatus” means anelectronic apparatus medium utilizing radio communication. The “radiocommunication apparatus” may include a mobile phone, a tablet, apersonal computer, a clock, glasses, etc. In this specification, the“radio communication apparatus” comprises a front member and a rearmember, and the glass plate according to the embodiment may be used forat least part of the front member or the rear member. Further,typically, the radio communication apparatus has a body holding thefront member and the rear member. It may have, in the interiorsurrounded by the front member, the rear member and the body, an elementhaving display function, an electric circuit board to drive the element,etc. The element having display function may, for example, be a liquidcrystal display device or an organic EL device. Information can bedisplayed by the element having display function at least on the frontmember side. Information may also be displayed by the element havingdisplay function also on the rear member side as the case requires. Thefront member and the rear member may have a shape corresponding to theapplication and may be flat or curved.

The front member and the rear member may have a hole for a speaker, anoperation button, a camera lens or the like. Typically, the front memberhas a hole for a speaker and an operation button, and the rear memberhas a hole for a camera lens.

The material of the front member, the rear member and the body may, forexample, be glass, crystallized glass, phase separated glass, a metal, awood material, a stone material, a ceramic, a plastic, carbon fibers, amixture of any of them, or a laminate of the combination of them.

The glass plate which the radio communication apparatus of the presentinvention comprises, may be laminated with other glass plate ortransparent material and embedded. Further, it may be a chemicallytempered glass plate.

The glass plate which the radio communication apparatus of the presentinvention comprises, may be used for both of the front member and therear member of the radio communication apparatus, or may be used foronly one of them.

The glass plate which the radio communication apparatus of the presentinvention comprises, has a radio transmittance of at least 20% at afrequency of 100 GHz as calculated as 18 mm thickness, and is therebyhardly a barrier to transmitting/receiving when the radio communicationapparatus is used. In a case where the glass plate is provided to theradio communication apparatus, the radio transmittance is preferably atleast 27%, more preferably at least 28%, further preferably at least29%, particularly preferably at least 30%, most preferably at least 32%.

Further, in a case where the glass plate according to the embodiment isused for both the front member and the rear member, the differencebetween the radio transmittance of the glass plate used for the frontmember at a frequency of 100 GHz as calculated as 18 mm thickness andthe radio transmittance of the glass plate used for the rear member at afrequency of 100 GHz as calculated as 18 mm thickness, is preferably atleast 4%. When the difference in the radio transmittance is at least 4%,radio transmitting/receiving is carried out via the member having ahigher radio transmittance between the front member and the rear member,and radio transmitting/receiving from the other member can besuppressed. For example, in a case where a speaker or a microphone isprovided on the front member side, the front member side is used on thehuman head side, and by using the glass plate having a low radiotransmittance on the front member side, radio waves which reach thehuman head can be weakened, and by using the glass plate having a highradio transmittance on the rear member side, radiotransmitting/receiving can be conducted.

According to an embodiment, the radio communication apparatus has anantenna as a radio transmitting/receiving apparatus. The antenna may bedisposed adjacent to or in contact with the glass plate, or may beformed in the glass plate, whereby the transmitting/receivingsensitivity of the antenna can be improved. Further, the antenna ispreferably one capable of transmitting/receiving electromagnetic wavesat a frequency of at least 1.0 GHz. The frequency of the radio wavestransmitted/received by the antenna is preferably at least 2.4 GHz, morepreferably at least 5 GHz, further preferably at least 10 GHz,particularly preferably at least 15 GHz, most preferably at least 25GHz. There is no particular upper limit, and considering the applicationof the glass of the present invention, the frequency is at most 100 GHz,preferably at most 90 GHz.

According to an embodiment, the thickness of the glass plate which theradio communication apparatus comprises is, in a case where the glassplate is used for a part of or the entire rear member, preferably atmost 4 mm, more preferably at most 2.5 mm, further preferably at most1.5 mm, particularly preferably at most 1.1 mm, even more preferably atmost 0.9 mm, most preferably at most 0.7 mm. On the other hand, theglass plate may have lowered strength if it is thin, and accordingly,the thickness is more preferably at least 0.5 mm. The thickness may notnecessarily be uniform, may be distributed, and can be determineddepending upon the application. If the thickness of the glass plate isdistributed, the thickness at the thickest portion is defined as the“thickness of the glass plate” (the same applies in this specification).

Further, according to an embodiment, the thickness of the glass platewhich the radio communication apparatus comprises is, when the glassplate is used for a part of or the entire front member, preferably atmost 2.5 mm, more preferably at most 1.5 mm, further preferably at most1.3 mm, particularly preferably at most 1.1 mm, even more preferably atmost 0.9 mm, most preferably at most 0.7 mm. On the other hand, theglass plate may have lowered strength if it is thin, and accordingly thethickness is more preferably at least 0.5 mm. The thickness may notnecessarily be uniform, may be distributed, and can be determineddepending upon the application.

The visible light transmittance of the glass plate which the radiocommunication apparatus comprises may be adjusted depending upon theapplication, and the visible light transmittance of the glass plate usedfor a side on which information is displayed is more preferably at least60% as calculated as 3.85 mm thickness.

EXAMPLES

Now, the present invention will be described in further detail withreference to Examples. However, it should be understood that the presentinvention is by no means restricted to such specific Examples.

[Preparation of Glass Plate Sample]

A glass plate having a composition (unit: mol %) as identified in thefollowing Tables 1-1 to 1-28 was produced by a common method known tothose skilled in the art. Specifically, raw materials were put in aplatinum crucible so as to achieve the identified glass composition andmelted at 1,550° C. for 2 hours, the melt was cast on a carbon plate andannealed to obtain a plate of glass. Both surfaces of the obtained platewere polished to obtain a glass plate having a thickness of about 30 mm.

Methods to determine values shown in Tables 1-1 to 1-28 are shown below.

(1) AverageCoefficient of Linear Expansion (a) from 50 to 350° C.:

The average coefficient of linear expansion (a) was measured by adifferential thermal dilatometer (TMA) and obtained as specified by JISR3102 (1995).

(2) Glass Transition Point (Tg):

The glass transition point (Tg) was a value measured by TMA anddetermined by the specification of JIS R 3103-3 (2001).

(3) Specific Gravity (d):

The specific gravity (d) was obtained by measuring about 20 g of a glassblock containing no bubble, cut out from the glass plate, by Archimedes'principle.

(4) Viscosity:

The viscosity was measured by a rotation viscosimeter, and thetemperature T2 (standard temperature for melting property) when theviscosity n becomes 10² dPa·s, and the temperature T₄ (standardtemperature for forming property) when the viscosity n becomes 10⁴ dPa·swere measured.

(5) Liquid Phase Temperature (T_(L)):

Platinum dishes on which 5 g of a glass block cut out from the glassplate was put, were respectively put in electric furnaces at differenttemperatures higher than the glass transition point, held for 17 hours,taken out of the furnaces and cooled. Whether precipitation was observedor not on the surface and in the inside of the glass block after coolingwas examined, and the minimum temperature after held for 17 hours, amongtemperatures when no crystal was precipitated, was taken as the liquidphase temperature.

(6) Young's Modulus (E):

The Young's modulus (E) was measured by ultrasonic glass technique(Olympus Corporation, DL35) at 25° C.

(7) Water Resistance:

It was measured as a Na₂O elution amount (mg) as specified by JIS R3502(1995).

(8) Visible Light Transmittance (TVA):

The glass plate was formed into a rectangle of 30.0 mm×30.0 mm×3.85 mmin thickness, and the 30.0 mm×30.0 mm faces were polished to mirrorsurface. The transmittance was measured by a spectrophotometer inaccordance with JIS R3106: 1998, and the visible light transmittanceT_(VA) was calculated. As the spectrophotometer, spectrophotometer U4100manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation was used. As theweighting factors, standard illuminant A, 2 degree field of view valuesare employed. The value is as calculated as 3.85 mm plate thickness.

The value as calculated as 3.85 mm plate thickness is a value (visiblelight transmittance TVA) of the glass plate as calculated as 3.85 mmplate thickness, considering the multiple reflection, by the reflectanceof the glass plate calculated by Sellmeier's equation from therefractive index of the glass plate the transmittance of which wasmeasured.

Glass having a visible light transmittance T_(VA) of from 30 to 92% isrepresented by “0”, and a glass having a visible light transmittanceT_(VA) of higher than 92% or lower than 30% is represented by “x”.

(9) Solar Direct Transmittance (Te):

As for Te, the transmittance was measured in accordance with ISO-13837A:2008 by a spectrophotometer, and the solar direct transmittance Te wascalculated. It is represented by a value as calculated as 3.85 mm platethickness.

A glass plate having a solar direct transmittance Te of from 35 to 91%is represented by “◯”, and a glass having a solar direct transmittanceTe of higher than 91% or lower than 35% is represented by “×”.

(10) Ultraviolet Transmittance (Tuv):

Tuv is as specified by ISO-9050: 2003.

(11) Transmittance at Wavelength 905 nm, Transmittance at Wavelength1,550 nm

They were measured by a spectrophotometer. They are represented byvalues as calculated as 3.85 mm plate thickness.

(12) FeO Content

Ground glass was decomposed by a mixed acid of hydrofluoric acid andhydrochloric acid at room temperature, a certain amount of thedecomposed liquid was collected in a plastic container, and a2,2′-dipyridyl solution and an ammonium acetate buffer solution werequickly added for color development of only Fe²⁺. The color developerwas diluted with deionized water for a certain amount, and theabsorbance at a wavelength of 522 nm was measured by an absorptiometer.And, from an analytical curve prepared by using a standard solution, theconcentration was calculated and the FeO amount was calculated. FeO inTables is the FeO amount as calculated as Fe₂O₃.

(13) Radio Transmittance

The radio transmittance withl8 mm thickness at 100 GHz, the exponentialapproximation formula of relation between frequency and radiotransmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness) constant 1, and theexponential approximation formula of relation between frequency andradio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness) constant 2 werecalculated from the above-described methods. The radio transmittancewith 18 mm thickness at 100 GHz was obtained by carrying out exponentialapproximation as described above. The dielectric constant and thedielectric loss of the glass used for calculation were measured bycavity resonator method.

(14) Radio Transmitted Amount of Laminated Glass

Both surfaces of the glass plate were further polished to obtain a glassplate having a thickness of 2.0 mm. Two such glass plates having athickness of 2.0 mm were laminated by means of a polyvinyl butyral(interlayer; PVB) adhesive layer and pre-bonded with vacuum suction, andthe laminate was heated and pressurized by an autoclave chamber toobtain a laminated glass. The thickness of the adhesive layer in theobtained laminated glass was 0.7 mm.

The radio transmitted amount of the obtained laminated glass wasmeasured by free space method. Antennas were disposed to face eachother, the obtained laminated glass was disposed between them, and theradio transmitted amount of the laminated glass was measured based on acase where there is no laminated glass at an opening part having adiameter of 100 mm being 0 dB. The radio transmitted amount was measuredat a frequency within a range of from 65 to 85 GHz.

FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the measured value of the radiotransmitted amount and the calculated value of the radio transmittedamount obtained by exponential approximation of the laminated glass inComparative Example 1. Well agreement between the measured value and thecalculated value was confirmed. The same calculation was conducted inExample 3, Example 4, Example 11 and Example 25. FIG. 5 is a graphillustrating the measured value of the radio transmitted amount and thecalculated value of the radio transmitted amount obtained by exponentialapproximation of the laminated glass in each of Comparative Example 1,Example 3, Example 4, Example 11 and Example 25. The frequency at themaximum value can be adjusted by the dielectric constant and thethickness of the glass. Agreement between the measured value and thecalculated value was confirmed.

In Tables, “−” means that measurement was not conducted, and valuesobtained by calculation from the composition were represented in italics

TABLE 1 Comp. Ex. 1 Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 5 Ex. 6 Ex. 7 Ex. 8 Ex.9 Embodiment 5 3 4 5 4 1 2 1 3 SiO₂ (mol %) 69.76 66.00 66.00 67.0370.03 66.03 66.11 71.40 66.00 66.00 Al₂O₃ (mol %) 0.88 2.95 2.95 1.900.50 4.00 3.00 2.48 2.95 2.95 B₂O₃ (mol %) 0 0 0 0 0 0.50 0 0 0 0 MgO(mol %) 7.08 0.50 0.50 1.50 5.00 3.40 11.00 8.10 12.48 0 CaO (mol %)9.09 11.98 11.98 12.00 11.90 10.00 1.57 10.00 0 12.48 SrO (mol %) 0 0 01.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 BaO (mol %) 0 0 0 1.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 TiO₂ (mol %) 0.050.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 ZrO₂ (mol %) 0 0 0 0 0 01.95 0 0 0 Li₂O (mol %) 0 4.00 0 1.50 3.50 3.00 0 0 0 0 Na₂O (mol %)12.55 11.00 15.00 8.00 5.50 6.00 8.30 6.05 15.00 15.00 K₂O (mol %) 0.573.50 3.50 6.00 3.50 7.00 8.00 1.90 3.50 3.50 Fe₂O₃ (mol %) 0.02 0.020.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 CeO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr2O3 (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SnO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 PbO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 ZnO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 RO(mol %) 16.17 12.48 12.48 15.50 16.90 13.40 12.57 18.10 12.48 12.48 R₂O(mol %) 13.12 18.50 18.50 15.50 12.50 16.00 16.30 7.95 18.50 18.507Al₂O₃ + 3MgO (mol %) 27.4 22.2 22.2 17.8 18.5 38.2 54.0 41.7 58.1 20.77Al₂O₃ + 3MgO − 4Li₂O (mol %) 27.4 6.2 22.2 11.8 4.5 26.2 54.0 41.7 58.120.7 SiO2 + Al₂O₃ + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + Li₂O + 100.0 100.0 100.0100.0 100.0 99.5 98.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 Na₂O + K₂O + Fe₂O₃ + TiO₂ (mol%) MgO + CaO (mol %) 16.2 12.5 12.5 13.5 16.9 13.4 12.6 18.1 12.5 12.5R₂O × MgO (mol %)² 92.9 9.3 9.3 23.3 62.5 54.4 179.3 64.4 230.9 0.0Na₂O/R₂O 0.96 0.59 0.81 0.52 0.44 0.38 0.51 0.76 0.81 0.81 K₂O/R₂O 0.040.19 0.19 0.39 0.28 0.44 0.49 0.24 0.19 0.19 R₂O + B₂O₃ (mol %) 13.118.5 18.5 15.5 12.5 16.5 16.3 8.0 18.5 18.5 SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ (mol %) 70.669.0 69.0 68.9 70.5 70.0 69.1 73.9 69.0 69.0 FeO (mol %) — — — — — — — —— — Fe-Redox (%) — — — — — — — — — — Exponential approximation formulaof relation 0.8619 0.8422 0.8434 0.843 0.8567 0.8451 0.843 0.843 0.84520.8426 between frequency and radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mmthickness) constant 1 Exponential approximation formula of relation−0.015 −0.007 −0.007 −0.01 −0.008 −0.009 −0.009 −0.009 −0.008 −0.009between frequency and radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mmthickness) constant 2 Radio transmittance with 18 mm thickness 19% 42%42% 31% 38% 34% 34% 34% 38% 34% at 100 GHz d 2.48 2.54 2.54 2.60 2.492.56 2.52 2.48 2.47 2.55 α (×10⁻⁷/° C.) 93 108 109 103 88 97 95 73 105109 E (GPa) 78 78 74 74 80 74 74 80 75 74 T_(g) (° C.) 528 487 525 515513 537 569 628 536 548 T₂ (° C.) 1450 1432 1466 1474 1460 1523 15511552 1499 1464 T₄ (° C.) 1019 969 991 1045 1063 1074 1102 1176 991 991T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — — — — — T₄ − T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — — — — —Water resistance (mg) 0.63 0.17 0.05 0.27 0.40 0.17 0.25 0.30 0.47 0.04Visible light transmittance T_(VA) ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Visible lighttransmittance T_(VA) — — — — — — — — — — measured value (%) Solar directtransmittance Te ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Solar direct transmittance Temeasured value (%) — — — — — — — — — — Ultraviolet transmittance T_(uv)measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — — A × radio transmittance (area:0.0009 m²) 0.0173 0.0376 0.0377 0.0279 0.0346 0.0282 0.0306 0.03060.0342 0.0306 Radio transmittance/t (thickness: 3.85 mm) 5.0 10.9 10.98.1 10.0 8.1 8.8 8.8 9.9 8.8 β-OH (mm⁻¹) — — — — — — — — — —Transmittance at wavelength 905 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — — Transmittanceat wavelength 1550 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — — Maximum radio transmittedamount −4.1 — — −2.0 −2.6 — — — — — at 75 to 90 GHz of laminated glass(dB) Frequency at maximum radio transmitted amount 89.2 — — 83.0 84.9 —— — — — of laminated glass (GHz) Ex. 10 Ex. 11 Ex. 12 Ex. 13 Ex. 14 Ex.15 Ex. 16 Ex. 17 Ex. 18 Embodiment 3 3 3 5 6 3 4 1 1 SiO₂ (mol %) 66.0066.00 66.00 66.00 66.00 72.38 70.93 65.83 62.00 Al₂O₃ (mol %) 2.95 2.952.95 2.95 2.95 1.51 2.00 6.08 6.93 B₂O₃ (mol %) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MgO(mol %) 0 0 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.10 11.00 0.0 0.50 CaO (mol %) 0 0 11.9811.98 11.98 11.57 2.00 10.86 12.00 SrO (mol %) 12.48 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BaO(mol %) 0 12.48 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TiO₂ (mol %) 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.050.05 0.05 0.05 ZrO₂ (mol %) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Li₂O (mol %) 0 0 0 6.1718.5 0 5 0 0 Na₂O (mol %) 15.00 15.00 11.00 6.17 0 10.05 5.00 13.1115.00 K₂O (mol %) 3.50 3.50 7.50 6.17 0.0 4.32 4.00 4.05 3.50 Fe₂O₃ (mol%) 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 CeO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr2O3 (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SnO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 PbO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ZnO(mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 RO (mol %) 12.4812.48 12.48 12.48 12.48 11.67 13.00 10.86 12.50 R₂O (mol %) 18.50 18.5018.50 18.51 18.50 14.37 14.00 17.16 18.50 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO (mol %) 20.720.7 22.2 22.2 22.2 10.9 47.0 42.6 50.0 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO − 4Li₂O (mol %)20.7 20.7 22.2 −2.5 −51.9 10.9 27.0 42.6 50.0 SiO2 + Al₂O₃ + MgO + CaO +SrO + BaO + Li₂O + 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0Na₂O + K₂O + Fe₂O₃ + TiO₂ (mol %) MgO + CaO (mol %) 0.0 0.0 12.5 12.512.5 11.7 13.0 10.9 12.5 R₂O × MgO (mol %)² 0.0 0.0 9.3 9.3 9.3 1.4154.0 0.0 9.3 Na₂O/R₂O 0.81 0.81 0.59 0.33 0.00 0.70 0.36 0.76 0.81K₂O/R₂O 0.19 0.19 0.41 0.33 0.00 0.30 0.29 0.24 0.19 R₂O + B₂O₃ (mol %)18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 14.4 14.0 17.2 18.5 SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ (mol %) 69.069.0 69.0 69.0 69.0 73.9 72.9 71.9 68.9 FeO (mol %) — — — — — — — — —Fe-Redox (%) — — — — — — — — — Exponential approximation formula ofrelation 0.8426 0.8437 0.8425 0.8435 0.8468 0.8462 0.8625 0.8433 0.8428between frequency and radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mmthickness) constant 1 Exponential approximation formula of relation−0.009 −0.009 −0.008 −0.006 −0.008 −0.007 −0.008 −0.01 −0.012 betweenfrequency and radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness)constant 2 Radio transmittance with 18 mm thickness 34% 34% 38% 46% 38%42% 39% 31% 25% at 100 GHz d 2.74 2.93 2.54 2.52 2.49 2.49 2.47 2.522.55 α (×10⁻⁷/° C.) 116 120 112 103 83 95 80 101 113 E (GPa) 72 68 70 7791 74 80 75 75 T_(g) (° C.) 510 484 537 498 494 547 550 570 557 T₂ (°C.) 1464 1464 1514 1315 1267 1444 1548 1554 1489 T₄ (° C.) 913 991 1048931 839 1031 1079 1091 1048 T_(L) (° C.) — — — 1020 — 1000 — — — T₄ −T_(L) (° C.) — — — −89 — 31 — — — Water resistance (mg) 0.04 0.04 0.170.24 0.20 0.29 0.32 — — Visible light transmittance T_(VA) ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯◯ ◯ Visible light transmittance T_(VA) — — — — — — — — — measured value(%) Solar direct transmittance Te ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Solar directtransmittance Te measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — Ultraviolettransmittance T_(uv) measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — A × radiotransmittance (area: 0.0009 m²) 0.0306 0.0306 0.0333 0.0414 0.03420.0378 0.0342 0.0279 0.0225 Radio transmittance/t (thickness: 3.85 mm)8.8 8.8 9.6 11.9 9.9 10.9 9.9 8.1 6.5 β-OH (mm⁻¹) — — — — — — — — —Transmittance at wavelength 905 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Transmittanceat wavelength 1550 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Maximum radio transmittedamount — −2.4 — — — — — — — at 75 to 90 GHz of laminated glass (dB)Frequency at maximum radio transmitted amount — 79.7 — — — — — — — oflaminated glass (GHz) Comp. Ex. 19 Ex. 20 Ex. 21 Ex. 22 Ex. 23 Ex. 24Ex. 2 Ex. 25 Ex. 26 Embodiment 4 4 6 3 6 1 1 1 SiO₂ (mol %) 68.96 69.9666.00 66.00 66.00 62.00 68.28 61.96 61.96 Al₂O₃ (mol %) 8.99 7.50 2.962.96 2.96 6.96 0.92 5.00 5.00 B₂O₃ (mol %) 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 MgO (mol %) 6.00 7.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 6.36 2.50 3.50 CaO(mol %) 0 0.20 11.98 11.98 11.98 11.98 9.20 11.99 10.99 SrO (mol %) 0 00.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 BaO (mol %) 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 TiO₂ (mol %) 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05ZrO₂ (mol %) 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Li₂O (mol %)9.49 8.00 9.25 0.00 9.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Na₂O (mol %) 4.50 5.30 9.259.25 0.00 9.25 12.61 9.24 9.24 K₂O (mol %) 1.00 1.00 0.00 9.25 9.25 9.250.39 9.24 9.24 Fe₂O₃ (mol %) 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 2.20 0.020.02 CeO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr2O3(mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SnO₂ (mol %) 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PbO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ZnO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 RO (mol %) 6.00 7.20 12.48 12.48 12.48 12.48 15.56 14.49 14.49R₂O (mol %) 14.99 14.30 18.50 18.50 18.50 18.50 13.00 18.48 18.487Al₂O₃ + 3MgO (mol %) 80.9 73.5 22.2 22.2 22.2 50.2 25.5 42.5 45.57Al₂O₃ + 3MgO − 4Li₂O (mol %) 43.0 41.5 −14.8 22.2 −14.8 50.2 25.5 42.545.5 SiO2 + Al₂O₃ + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + Li₂O + 99.0 99.0 100.0 100.0100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Na₂O + K₂O + Fe₂O₃ + TiO₂ (mol %) MgO +CaO (mol %) 6.0 7.2 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 15.6 14.5 14.5 R₂O × MgO (mol%)² 89.9 100.1 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 82.7 46.2 64.7 Na₂O/R₂O 0.30 0.37 0.500.50 0.00 0.50 0.97 0.50 0.50 K₂O/R₂O 0.07 0.07 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.030.50 0.50 R₂O + B₂O₃ (mol %) 15.0 14.3 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 13.0 18.518.5 SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ (mol %) 78.0 77.5 69.0 69.0 69.0 69.0 69.2 67.0 67.0FeO (mol %) — — — — — — 0.660 — — Fe-Redox (%) — — — — — — 30 — —Exponential approximation formula of relation 0.8599 0.8807 — — — — — —— between frequency and radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mmthickness) constant 1 Exponential approximation formula of relation−0.011 −0.010 — — — — — — — between frequency and radio transmittance(as calculated as 18 mm thickness) constant 2 Radio transmittance with18 mm thickness 29% 32% 35% 39% 32% 36% 19% 38% 37% at 100 GHz d 2.442.44 2.52 2.52 2.49 2.54 2.52 2.53 2.53 α (×10⁻⁷/° C.) 70 72 96 113 100111 93 112 111 E (GPa) 84 83 86 67 75 69 78 69 69 T_(g) (° C.) 552 548482 542 554 573 528 542 546 T₂ (° C.) 1664 1640 1344 1534 1456 1447 14501393 1407 T₄ (° C.) 1163 1159 889 1073 1022 1044 1019 1011 1018 T_(L) (°C.) — — — — — 1100 — 1040 — T₄ − T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — −56 — −29 —Water resistance (mg) — — 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.07 0.61 0.07 0.05 Visiblelight transmittance T_(VA) ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ X ◯ ◯ Visible light transmittanceT_(VA) — — — — — — 27.4 — — measured value (%) Solar directtransmittance Te ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ X ◯ ◯ Solar direct transmittance Temeasured value (%) — — — — — — 11.6 — — Ultraviolet transmittance T_(uv)measured value (%) — — — — — — 1.3 — — A × radio transmittance (area:0.0009 m²) 0.0261 0.0288 0.0313 0.0354 0.0287 0.0321 0.0171 0.03400.0335 Radio transmittance/t (thickness: 3.85 mm) 7.5 8.3 9.0 10.2 8.39.3 4.9 9.8 9.7 β-OH (mm⁻¹) — — — — — — — — — Transmittance atwavelength 905 nm (%) — — — — — — 0.001 — — Transmittance at wavelength1550 nm (%) — — — — — — 0.04 — — Maximum radio transmitted amount — — —— — — — −2.6 — at 75 to 90 GHz of laminated glass (dB) Frequency atmaximum radio transmitted amount — — — — — — — 78.4 — of laminated glass(GHz) Ex. 27 Ex. 28 Ex. 29 Ex. 30 Ex. 31 Ex. 32 Ex. 33 Ex. 34 Ex. 35Embodiment 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 SiO₂ (mol %) 61.96 62.75 68.75 62.00 61.9462.00 60.50 61.90 61.90 Al₂O₃ (mol %) 5.00 4.50 4.50 6.96 5.00 6.96 6.966.99 6.99 B₂O₃ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50 0.00 0.00 MgO(mol %) 3.50 3.70 3.70 0.50 8.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 CaO (mol %) 13.4910.98 10.98 11.98 8.50 11.98 11.98 11.98 11.98 SrO (mol %) 0.00 0.000.00 1.50 0.00 1.50 1.50 0.00 0.00 BaO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.003.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 TiO₂ (mol %) 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.040.04 ZrO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Li₂O (mol%) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Na₂O (mol %) 7.99 9.006.00 8.50 8.00 7.00 7.00 9.24 9.24 K₂O (mol %) 7.99 9.00 6.00 8.50 8.007.00 7.00 9.23 9.23 Fe₂O₃ (mol %) 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.020.12 0.12 CeO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Cr2O3 (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SnO₂ (mol %)0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PbO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ZnO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 RO (mol %) 16.99 14.68 14.68 13.98 17.00 16.98 16.9812.48 12.48 R₂O (mol %) 15.98 18.00 12.00 17.00 16.00 14.00 14.00 18.4718.47 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO (mol %) 45.5 42.6 42.6 50.2 60.5 50.2 50.2 50.4 50.47Al₂O₃ + 3MgO − 4Li₂O (mol %) 45.5 42.6 42.6 50.2 60.5 50.2 50.2 50.450.4 SiO2 + Al₂O₃ + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + Li₂O + 100.0 100.0 100.0100.0 100.0 100.0 98.5 100.0 100.0 Na₂O + K₂O + Fe₂O₃ + TiO₂ (mol %)MgO + CaO (mol %) 17.0 14.7 14.7 12.5 17.0 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 R₂O × MgO(mol %)² 55.9 66.6 44.4 8.5 136.0 7.0 7.0 9.2 9.2 Na₂O/R₂O 0.50 0.500.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 K₂O/R₂O 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.500.50 0.50 0.50 R₂O + B₂O₃ (mol %) 16.0 18.0 12.0 17.0 16.0 14.0 15.518.5 18.5 SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ (mol %) 67.0 67.3 73.3 69.0 66.9 69.0 67.5 68.968.9 FeO (mol %) — — — — — — — 0.0382 0.0691 Fe-Redox (%) — — — — — — —31 56 Exponential approximation formula of relation — — — — — — — — —between frequency and radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mmthickness) constant 1 Exponential approximation formula of relation — —— — — — — — — between frequency and radio transmittance (as calculatedas 18 mm thickness) constant 2 Radio transmittance with 18 mm thickness35% 37% 31% 34% 32% 33% 37% 36% 36% at 100 GHz d 2.55 2.53 2.50 2.582.53 2.68 2.68 2.54 2.54 α (×10⁻⁷/° C.) 105 110 88 106 101 101 99 111111 E (GPa) 73 70 75 71 73 73 72 69 69 T_(g) (° C.) 578 547 612 579 562588 574 573 573 T₂ (° C.) 1403 1405 1529 1438 1441 1433 1405 1447 1447T₄ (° C.) 1026 1015 1114 1051 1060 1054 1038 1044 1044 T_(L) (° C.) — —— — 1060 — — 1100 1100 T₄ − T_(L) (° C.) — — — — 0 — — −56 −56 Waterresistance (mg) 0.07 0.09 0.18 0.11 0.02 0.17 0.15 0.07 0.07 Visiblelight transmittance T_(VA) ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Visible light transmittanceT_(VA) — — — — — — — 84.7 80.3 measured value (%) Solar directtransmittance Te ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Solar direct transmittance Temeasured value (%) — — — — — — — 67.3 55.7 Ultraviolet transmittanceT_(uv) measured value (%) — — — — — — — 41.5 45.8 A × radiotransmittance (area: 0.0009 m²) 0.0311 0.0330 0.0275 0.0308 0.02920.0299 0.0333 0.0320 0.0320 Radio transmittance/t (thickness: 3.85 mm)9.0 9.5 7.9 8.9 8.4 8.6 9.6 9.2 9.2 β-OH (mm⁻¹) — — — — — — — 0.18 0.25Transmittance at wavelength 905 nm (%) — — — — — — — 49.4 29.2Transmittance at wavelength 1550 nm (%) — — — — — — — 60.5 41.5 Maximumradio transmitted amount — — — — — — — — — at 75 to 90 GHz of laminatedglass (dB) Frequency at maximum radio transmitted amount — — — — — — — —— of laminated glass (GHz) Ex. 36 Ex. 37 Ex. 38 Ex. 39 Ex. 40 Ex. 41 Ex.42 Ex. 43 Ex. 44 Embodiment 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 SiO₂ (mol %) 68.75 68.7564.46 62.46 62.46 63.26 64.06 69.60 71.10 Al₂O₃ (mol %) 6.00 6.00 7.009.00 6.00 7.00 7.00 2.48 2.78 B₂O₃ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 1.80 0.00 MgO (mol %) 2.20 2.20 1.50 0.80 0.50 3.50 1.00 8.10 7.00CaO (mol %) 10.98 10.98 6.98 6.68 6.98 2.00 10.48 10.00 11.10 SrO (mol%) 0.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 0.00 7.98 2.00 0.00 0.00 BaO (mol %) 0.00 0.007.00 5.00 9.00 6.40 6.40 0.00 0.00 TiO₂ (mol %) 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.040.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 ZrO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 1.00 1.80 1.00 0.000.00 Li₂O (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Na₂O (mol%) 8.20 3.20 5.00 7.00 7.00 4.00 4.00 6.05 4.28 K₂O (mol %) 3.80 8.805.00 7.00 7.00 4.00 4.00 1.90 3.68 Fe₂O₃ (mol %) 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.020.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 CeO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 Cr2O3 (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00SnO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PbO (mol %)0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ZnO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 RO (mol %) 13.18 13.18 16.48 14.48 16.4819.88 19.88 18.10 18.10 R₂O (mol %) 12.00 12.00 10.00 14.00 14.00 8.008.00 7.95 7.96 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO (mol %) 48.6 48.6 53.5 65.4 43.5 59.5 52.041.7 40.5 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO − 4Li₂O (mol %) 48.6 48.6 53.5 65.4 43.5 59.552.0 41.7 40.5 SiO2 + Al₂O₃ + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + Li₂O + 100.0 100.098.0 100.0 99.0 98.2 99.0 98.2 100.0 Na₂O + K₂O + Fe₂O₃ + TiO₂ (mol %)MgO + CaO (mol %) 13.2 13.2 8.5 7.5 7.5 5.5 11.5 18.1 18.1 R₂O × MgO(mol %)² 26.4 26.4 15.0 11.2 7.0 28.0 8.0 64.4 55.7 Na₂O/R₂O 0.68 0.270.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.76 0.54 K₂O/R₂O 0.32 0.73 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.500.50 0.24 0.46 R₂O + B₂O₃ (mol %) 12.0 12.0 10.0 14.0 14.0 8.0 8.0 9.88.0 SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ (mol %) 74.8 74.8 71.5 71.5 68.5 70.3 71.1 72.1 73.9FeO (mol %) — — — — — — — — — Fe-Redox (%) — — — — — — — — — Exponentialapproximation formula of relation — — — — — — — — — between frequencyand radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness) constant 1Exponential approximation formula of relation — — — — — — — — — betweenfrequency and radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness)constant 2 Radio transmittance with 18 mm thickness 27% 30% 30% 31% 34%32% 32% 33% 32% at 100 GHz d 2.50 2.49 2.68 2.72 2.77 2.79 2.76 2.502.49 α (×10⁻⁷/° C.) 84 88 83 98 102 81 81 69 73 E (GPa) 76 71 77 72 7279 79 78 79 T_(g) (° C.) 616 647 637 593 569 653 644 606 635 T₂ (° C.)1555 1567 1571 1501 1470 1553 1519 1514 1563 T₄ (° C.) 1130 1164 11441109 1041 1157 1125 1096 1137 T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — — — — T₄ − T_(L)(° C.) — — — — — — — — — Water resistance (mg) 0.14 0.22 0.19 0.13 0.180.04 0.25 0.28 0.21 Visible light transmittance T_(VA) ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯Visible light transmittance T_(VA) — — — — — — — — — measured value (%)Solar direct transmittance Te ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Solar directtransmittance Te measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — Ultraviolettransmittance T_(uv) measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — A × radiotransmittance (area: 0.0009 m²) 0.0243 0.0271 0.0269 0.0282 0.03060.0284 0.0291 0.0299 0.0286 Radio transmittance/t (thickness: 3.85 mm)7.0 7.8 7.8 8.1 8.8 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.3 β-OH (mm⁻¹) — — — — — — — — —Transmittance at wavelength 905 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Transmittanceat wavelength 1550 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Maximum radio transmittedamount — — — — — — — — — at 75 to 90 GHz of laminated glass (dB)Frequency at maximum radio transmitted amount — — — — — — — — — oflaminated glass (GHz) Ex. 45 Ex. 46 Ex. 47 Ex. 48 Ex. 49 Ex. 50 Ex. 51Ex. 52 Ex. 53 Embodiment 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 SiO₂ (mol %) 71.10 71.4071.40 71.40 71.40 71.40 71.10 68.21 66.71 Al₂O₃ (mol %) 2.78 2.48 2.482.48 2.48 2.48 2.78 2.38 2.38 B₂O₃ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 1.50 MgO (mol %) 4.00 8.10 8.10 8.10 8.10 7.05 3.05 2.89 2.89CaO (mol %) 14.10 3.50 3.50 3.70 3.70 10.00 14.00 13.30 13.30 SrO (mol%) 0.00 6.50 6.50 3.50 3.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 BaO (mol %) 0.00 0.000.00 2.80 2.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TiO₂ (mol %) 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.050.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 ZrO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 Li₂O (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Na₂O (mol%) 4.28 6.05 4.28 6.05 4.28 4.50 4.50 9.50 9.50 K₂O (mol %) 3.68 1.903.68 1.90 3.68 4.50 4.50 3.65 3.65 Fe₂O₃ (mol %) 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.020.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 CeO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 Cr2O3 (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00SnO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PbO (mol %)0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ZnO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 RO (mol %) 18.10 18.10 18.10 18.10 18.1017.05 17.05 16.19 16.19 R₂O (mol %) 7.96 7.95 7.96 7.95 7.96 9.00 9.0013.15 13.15 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO (mol %) 31.5 41.7 41.7 41.7 41.7 38.5 28.625.3 25.3 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO − 4Li₂O (mol %) 31.5 41.7 41.7 41.7 41.7 38.528.6 25.3 25.3 SiO2 + Al₂O₃ + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + Li₂O + 100.0 100.0100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.5 Na₂O + K₂O + Fe₂O₃ + TiO₂ (mol%) MgO + CaO (mol %) 18.1 11.6 11.6 11.8 11.8 17.1 17.1 16.2 16.2 R₂O ×MgO (mol %)² 31.8 64.4 64.5 64.4 64.5 63.5 27.5 38.0 38.0 Na₂O/R₂O 0.540.76 0.54 0.76 0.54 0.50 0.50 0.72 0.72 K₂O/R₂O 0.46 0.24 0.46 0.24 0.460.50 0.50 0.28 0.28 R₂O + B₂O₃ (mol %) 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 9.0 9.0 13.214.7 SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ (mol %) 73.9 73.9 73.9 73.9 73.9 73.9 73.9 70.6 69.1FeO (mol %) — — — — — — — — — Fe-Redox (%) — — — — — — — — — Exponentialapproximation formula of relation — — — — — — — — — between frequencyand radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness) constant 1Exponential approximation formula of relation — — — — — — — — — betweenfrequency and radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness)constant 2 Radio transmittance with 18 mm thickness 31% 32% 35% 32% 35%32% 31% 30% 33% at 100 GHz d 2.50 2.62 2.61 2.66 2.65 2.48 2.50 2.532.54 α (×10⁻⁷/° C.) 75 73 75 74 76 77 79 94 94 E (GPa) 79 79 78 78 78 7877 76 75 T_(g) (° C.) 640 611 616 595 602 623 632 573 560 T₂ (° C.) 15461543 1554 1549 1559 1558 1536 1435 1408 T₄ (° C.) 1134 1104 1112 10931101 1128 1126 1028 1004 T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — — — — T₄ − T_(L) (°C.) — — — — — — — — — Water resistance (mg) 0.25 0.30 0.23 0.30 0.230.25 0.27 0.28 0.27 Visible light transmittance T_(VA) ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯Visible light transmittance T_(VA) — — — — — — — — — measured value (%)Solar direct transmittance Te ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Solar directtransmittance Te measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — Ultraviolettransmittance T_(uv) measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — A × radiotransmittance (area: 0.0009 m²) 0.0282 0.0286 0.0313 0.0291 0.03160.0286 0.0280 0.0270 0.0301 Radio transmittance/t (thickness: 3.85 mm)8.1 8.3 9.0 8.4 9.1 8.3 8.1 7.8 8.7 β-OH (mm⁻¹) — — — — — — — — —Transmittance at wavelength 905 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Transmittanceat wavelength 1550 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Maximum radio transmittedamount — — — — — — — — — at 75 to 90 GHz of laminated glass (dB)Frequency at maximum radio transmitted amount — — — — — — — — — oflaminated glass (GHz) Ex. 54 Ex. 55 Ex. 56 Ex. 57 Ex. 58 Ex. 59 Ex. 60Ex. 61 Ex. 62 Embodiment 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 SiO₂ (mol %) 68.21 68.2168.21 68.21 68.21 68.21 70.45 70.45 70.45 Al₂O₃ (mol %) 2.38 4.88 4.884.88 4.88 2.38 4.00 4.00 2.90 B₂O₃ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 MgO (mol %) 2.89 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.39 2.89 0.00 0.00 0.00CaO (mol %) 13.30 13.30 10.30 10.80 15.45 13.30 17.49 15.49 15.49 SrO(mol %) 0.00 0.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 BaO (mol %) 0.000.00 0.00 2.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TiO₂ (mol %) 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.050.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 ZrO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 Li₂O (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Na₂O(mol %) 6.57 6.57 6.57 6.57 5.50 4.07 4.00 5.00 5.55 K₂O (mol %) 6.576.57 6.57 6.57 5.50 9.07 4.00 5.00 5.55 Fe₂O₃ (mol %) 0.02 0.02 0.020.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 CeO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 Cr2O3 (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 SnO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PbO (mol%) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ZnO (mol %) 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 RO (mol %) 16.19 13.69 13.69 13.6915.84 16.19 17.49 15.49 15.49 R₂O (mol %) 13.14 13.14 13.14 13.14 11.0013.14 8.00 10.00 11.10 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO (mol %) 25.3 35.3 35.3 35.3 35.325.3 28.0 28.0 20.3 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO − 4Li₂O (mol %) 25.3 35.3 35.3 35.335.3 25.3 28.0 28.0 20.3 SiO2 + Al₂O₃ + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + Li₂O +100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Na₂O + K₂O +Fe₂O₃ + TiO₂ (mol %) MgO + CaO (mol %) 16.2 13.7 10.7 11.2 15.8 16.217.5 15.5 15.5 R₂O × MgO (mol %)² 38.0 5.1 5.1 5.1 4.3 38.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Na₂O/R₂O 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.31 0.50 0.50 0.50 K₂O/R₂O 0.50 0.500.50 0.50 0.50 0.69 0.50 0.50 0.50 R₂O + B₂O₃ (mol %) 13.1 13.1 13.113.1 11.0 13.1 8.0 10.0 11.1 SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ (mol %) 70.6 73.1 73.1 73.173.1 70.6 74.5 74.5 73.4 FeO (mol %) — — — — — — — — — Fe-Redox (%) — —— — — — — — — Exponential approximation formula of relation — — — — — —— — — between frequency and radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mmthickness) constant 1 Exponential approximation formula of relation — —— — — — — — — between frequency and radio transmittance (as calculatedas 18 mm thickness) constant 2 Radio transmittance with 18 mm thickness33% 31% 32% 32% 30% 32% 31% 30% 31% at 100 GHz d 2.52 2.51 2.58 2.592.53 2.52 2.52 2.51 2.52 α (×10⁻⁷/° C.) 96 93 94 94 87 96 77 83 88 E(GPa) 74 73 73 72 76 71 78 76 75 T_(g) (° C.) 583 607 595 582 634 600650 636 615 T₂ (° C.) 1441 1497 1492 1497 1503 1445 1547 1526 1488 T₄ (°C.) 1045 1093 1086 1077 1108 1061 1147 1126 1091 T_(L) (° C.) — — — — —— — — — T₄ − T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — — — — Water resistance (mg) 0.270.26 0.26 0.26 0.28 0.24 0.32 0.31 0.29 Visible light transmittanceT_(VA) ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Visible light transmittance T_(VA) — — — — — —— — — measured value (%) Solar direct transmittance Te ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯Solar direct transmittance Te measured value (%) — — — — — — — — —Ultraviolet transmittance T_(uv) measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — A× radio transmittance (area: 0.0009 m²) 0.0294 0.0279 0.0286 0.02890.0274 0.0284 0.0276 0.0273 0.0279 Radio transmittance/t (thickness:3.85 mm) 8.5 8.0 8.2 8.4 7.9 8.2 8.0 7.9 8.0 β-OH (mm⁻¹) — — — — — — — —— Transmittance at wavelength 905 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Transmittanceat wavelength 1550 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Maximum radio transmittedamount — — — — — — — — — at 75 to 90 GHz of laminated glass (dB)Frequency at maximum radio transmitted amount — — — — — — — — — oflaminated glass (GHz) Ex. 63 Ex. 64 Ex. 65 Ex. 66 Ex. 67 Ex. 68 Ex. 69Ex. 70 Ex. 71 Embodiment 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 SiO₂ (mol %) 70.45 70.4570.45 70.45 70.45 70.45 70.43 70.43 70.45 Al₂O₃ (mol %) 4.00 4.00 4.004.00 4.00 4.00 5.60 5.00 4.00 B₂O₃ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 MgO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50 0.00CaO (mol %) 17.49 17.49 10.99 10.99 14.49 15.89 8.90 7.00 17.49 SrO (mol%) 0.00 0.00 6.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 BaO (mol %) 0.00 0.000.00 6.50 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TiO₂ (mol %) 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.050.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 ZrO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 Li₂O (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Na₂O (mol%) 4.20 5.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.80 7.50 8.00 5.89 K₂O (mol %) 3.80 3.004.00 4.00 4.00 4.80 7.50 8.00 2.10 Fe₂O₃ (mol %) 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.020.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 CeO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 Cr2O3 (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00SnO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PbO (mol %)0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ZnO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 RO (mol %) 17.49 17.49 17.49 17.49 17.4915.89 8.90 8.50 17.49 R₂O (mol %) 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 9.60 15.0016.00 7.99 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO (mol %) 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 39.2 39.528.0 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO − 4Li₂O (mol %) 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 39.239.5 28.0 SiO2 + Al₂O₃ + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + Li₂O + 100.0 100.0100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Na₂O + K₂O + Fe₂O₃ + TiO₂ (mol%) MgO + CaO (mol %) 17.5 17.5 11.0 11.0 14.5 15.9 8.9 8.5 17.5 R₂O ×MgO (mol %)² 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.0 0.0 Na₂O/R₂O 0.53 0.630.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.74 K₂O/R₂O 0.48 0.38 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.500.50 0.50 0.26 R₂O + B₂O₃ (mol %) 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 9.6 15.0 16.0 8.0SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ (mol %) 74.5 74.5 74.5 74.5 74.5 74.5 76.0 75.4 74.5 FeO(mol %) — — — — — — — — — Fe-Redox (%) — — — — — — — — — Exponentialapproximation formula of relation — — — — — — — — — between frequencyand radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness) constant 1Exponential approximation formula of relation — — — — — — — — — betweenfrequency and radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness)constant 2 Radio transmittance with 18 mm thickness 31% 30% 33% 34% 32%30% 31% 32% 29% at 100 GHz d 2.52 2.52 2.65 2.73 2.62 2.51 2.48 2.472.53 α (×10⁻⁷/° C.) 76 75 79 81 79 81 94 98 74 E (GPa) 78 79 77 75 77 7770 69 79 T_(g) (° C.) 661 657 634 608 630 642 587 569 653 T₂ (° C.) 15341530 1523 1535 1535 1528 1552 1545 1526 T₄ (° C.) 1142 1135 1124 10971122 1130 1121 1107 1128 T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — — — — T₄ − T_(L) (°C.) — — — — — — — — — Water resistance (mg) 0.32 0.31 0.32 0.32 0.320.32 0.27 0.22 0.30 Visible light transmittance T_(VA) ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯Visible light transmittance T_(VA) — — — — — — — — — measured value (%)Solar direct transmittance Te ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Solar directtransmittance Te measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — Ultraviolettransmittance T_(uv) measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — A × radiotransmittance (area: 0.0009 m²) 0.0275 0.0269 0.0297 0.0305 0.02890.0273 0.0278 0.0288 0.0255 Radio transmittance/t (thickness: 3.85 mm)7.9 7.8 8.6 8.8 8.3 7.9 8.0 8.3 7.4 β-OH (mm⁻¹) — — — — — — — — —Transmittance at wavelength 905 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Transmittanceat wavelength 1550 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Maximum radio transmittedamount — — — — — — — — — at 75 to 90 GHz of laminated glass (dB)Frequency at maximum radio transmitted amount — — — — — — — — — oflaminated glass (GHz) Ex. 72 Ex. 73 Ex. 74 Ex. 75 Ex. 76 Ex. 77 Ex. 78Ex. 79 Ex. 80 Embodiment 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 SiO₂ (mol %) 70.45 72.3872.38 72.38 72.27 72.27 72.38 71.90 71.90 Al₂O₃ (mol %) 4.00 1.51 1.511.51 1.51 1.51 1.51 1.70 1.70 B₂O₃ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 MgO (mol %) 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10CaO (mol %) 15.99 11.56 11.56 11.56 11.54 11.54 11.56 11.52 11.52 SrO(mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 BaO (mol %) 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TiO₂ (mol %) 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.050.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 ZrO₂ (mol %) 1.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 Li₂O (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Na₂O(mol %) 5.89 10.56 8.04 7.19 7.18 7.18 7.19 7.16 7.16 K₂O (mol %) 2.103.81 6.33 7.19 7.18 7.18 7.19 7.16 7.16 Fe₂O₃ (mol %) 0.02 0.02 0.020.02 0.19 0.19 0.04 0.11 0.11 CeO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.22 0.22 Cr2O3 (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 SnO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.09 PbO (mol%) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ZnO (mol %) 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 RO (mol %) 15.99 11.66 11.66 11.6611.64 11.64 11.66 11.62 11.62 R₂O (mol %) 7.99 14.37 14.37 14.38 14.3614.36 14.38 14.32 14.32 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO (mol %) 28.0 10.9 10.9 10.9 10.910.9 10.9 12.2 12.2 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO − 4Li₂O (mol %) 28.0 10.9 10.9 10.910.9 10.9 10.9 12.2 12.2 SiO2 + Al₂O₃ + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + Li₂O +98.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.7 99.7 Na₂O + K₂O + Fe₂O₃ +TiO₂ (mol %) MgO + CaO (mol %) 16.0 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.6 11.6 11.7 11.611.6 R₂O × MgO (mol %)² 0.0 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 Na₂O/R₂O0.74 0.73 0.56 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 K₂O/R₂O 0.26 0.27 0.44 0.500.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 R₂O + B₂O₃ (mol %) 8.0 14.4 14.4 14.4 14.4 14.414.4 14.3 14.3 SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ (mol %) 74.5 73.9 73.9 73.9 73.8 73.8 73.973.6 73.6 FeO (mol %) — — — 0.0042 0.0512 0.0872 0.0123 0.0761 0.0607Fe-Redox (%) — — — 21 27 46 31 69 55 Exponential approximation formulaof relation — — — — — — — — — between frequency and radio transmittance(as calculated as 18 mm thickness) constant 1 Exponential approximationformula of relation — — — — — — — — — between frequency and radiotransmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness) constant 2 Radiotransmittance with 18 mm thickness 27% 30% 33% 33% 33% 33% 33% 33% 33%at 100 GHz d 2.56 2.49 2.49 2.49 2.49 2.49 2.49 2.49 2.49 α (×10⁻⁷/° C.)70 96 95 97 97 97 97 98 98 E (GPa) 80 73 71 70 71 71 70 71 71 T_(g) (°C.) 669 545 556 560 560 560 560 561 561 T₂ (° C.) 1536 1448 1466 14641464 1464 1464 1469 1469 T₄ (° C.) 1147 1037 1052 1050 1050 1050 10501055 1055 T_(L) (° C.) — — — 990 990 990 990 — — T₄ − T_(L) (° C.) — — —60 60 60 60 — — Water resistance (mg) 0.30 0.28 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.300.30 0.30 Visible light transmittance T_(VA) ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Visiblelight transmittance T_(VA) — — — 91.6 83.7 79.6 89.8 81.3 82.8 measuredvalue (%) Solar direct transmittance Te ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Solar directtransmittance Te measured value (%) — — — 91.4 62.7 52.1 82.6 55.4 59.7Ultraviolet transmittance T_(uv) measured value (%) — — — 85.2 41.5 44.769.4 32.5 31.8 A × radio transmittance (area: 0.0009 m²) 0.0239 0.02720.0298 0.0301 0.0301 0.0301 0.0301 0.0299 0.0299 Radio transmittance/t(thickness: 3.85 mm) 6.9 7.9 8.6 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.6 8.6 β-OH (mm⁻¹) — —— 0.17 0.19 0.15 0.3 0.27 0.18 Transmittance at wavelength 905 nm (%) —— — 91.8 42.1 24.1 76.0 27.7 35.0 Transmittance at wavelength 1550 nm(%) — — — 92.0 49.3 31.0 78.8 40.4 48.0 Maximum radio transmitted amount— — — — — — — — — at 75 to 90 GHz of laminated glass (dB) Frequency atmaximum radio transmitted amount — — — — — — — — — of laminated glass(GHz) Ex. 81 Ex. 82 Ex. 83 Ex. 84 Ex. 85 Ex. 86 Ex. 87 Ex. 88 Ex. 89Embodiment 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 SiO₂ (mol %) 72.33 72.33 72.24 71.35 71.7571.75 72.25 69.58 70.88 Al₂O₃ (mol %) 1.51 1.51 1.51 2.20 2.00 2.20 2.502.51 3.01 B₂O₃ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 1.80 0.00 MgO (mol %)0.10 0.10 0.10 2.00 0.50 0.80 0.30 0.10 0.10 CaO (mol %) 11.55 11.5511.54 10.00 11.85 10.80 8.90 11.56 9.56 SrO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 0 0 0.00 0.00 BaO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 TiO₂(mol %) 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 ZrO₂ (mol %) 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 Li₂O (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 00.00 0.00 Na₂O (mol %) 7.18 7.18 7.17 7.19 6.80 7.00 7.70 6.69 8.19 K₂O(mol %) 7.18 7.18 7.17 7.19 6.80 7.00 7.70 6.69 8.19 Fe₂O₃ (mol %) 0.110.11 0.04 0.02 0.25 0.40 0.60 0.02 0.02 CeO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr2O3 (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 SnO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00PbO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ZnO (mol %)0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 RO (mol %) 11.65 11.6511.64 12.00 12.35 11.60 9.20 11.66 9.66 R₂O (mol %) 14.36 14.36 14.3414.38 13.60 14.00 15.40 13.38 16.38 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO (mol %) 10.9 10.9 10.921.4 15.5 17.8 18.4 17.9 21.4 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO − 4Li₂O (mol %) 10.9 10.910.9 21.4 15.5 17.8 18.4 17.9 21.4 SiO2 + Al₂O₃ + MgO + CaO + SrO +BaO + Li₂O + 100.0 100.0 99.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.2 100.0 Na₂O +K₂O + Fe₂O₃ + TiO₂ (mol %) MgO + CaO (mol %) 11.7 11.7 11.6 12.0 12.411.6 9.2 11.7 9.7 R₂O × MgO (mol %)² 1.4 1.4 1.4 28.8 6.8 11.2 4.6 1.31.6 Na₂O/R₂O 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 K₂O/R₂O 0.500.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 R₂O + B₂O₃ (mol %) 14.4 14.414.3 14.4 13.6 14.0 15.4 15.2 16.4 SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ (mol %) 73.8 73.8 73.873.6 73.8 74.0 74.8 72.1 73.9 FeO (mol %) 0.0620 0.0476 0.0008 — 0.09630.0900 0.1500 — — Fe-Redox (%) 56 43 2 — 38.5 22.5 25 — — Exponentialapproximation formula of relation — — — — — — — — — between frequencyand radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness) constant 1Exponential approximation formula of relation — — — — — — — — — betweenfrequency and radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness)constant 2 Radio transmittance with 18 mm thickness 33% 33% 33% 33% 33%33% 34% 36% 34% at 100 GHz d 2.49 2.49 2.49 2.48 2.49 2.49 2.47 2.512.48 α (×10⁻⁷/° C.) 97 97 97 97 95 96 100 93 103 E (GPa) 71 71 71 71 7272 70 69 71 T_(g) (° C.) 560 560 560 563 572 568 553 562 547 T₂ (° C.)1464 1464 1464 1490 1483 1490 1498 1449 1480 T₄ (° C.) 1050 1050 10501068 1068 1070 1067 1039 1056 T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — — — — T₄ − T_(L)(° C.) — — — — — — — — — Water resistance (mg) 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.300.30 0.30 0.27 0.29 Visible light transmittance T_(VA) ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯Visible light transmittance T_(VA) 82.8 84.6 91.2 — 77.5 76.5 68.6 — —measured value (%) Solar direct transmittance Te ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Solardirect transmittance Te measured value (%) 59.8 64.8 88.9 — 49.5 49.137.4 — — Ultraviolet transmittance T_(uv) measured value (%) 58.8 55.232.7 — 38.5 25.5 18.0 — — A × radio transmittance (area: 0.0009 m²)0.0301 0.0301 0.0301 0.0297 0.0293 0.0294 0.0302 0.0328 0.0310 Radiotransmittance/t (thickness: 3.85 mm) 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.6 8.4 8.5 8.7 9.5 8.9β-OH (mm⁻¹) 0.25 0.35 0.12 — — — — — — Transmittance at wavelength 905nm (%) 33.5 42.0 90.9 — 19.8 22.3 8.7 — — Transmittance at wavelength1550 nm (%) 46.4 54.4 91.4 — 32.8 35.3 18.6 — — Maximum radiotransmitted amount — — — — — — — — — at 75 to 90 GHz of laminated glass(dB) Frequency at maximum radio transmitted amount — — — — — — — — — oflaminated glass (GHz) Ex. 90 Ex. 91 Ex. 92 Ex. 93 Ex. 94 Ex. 95 Ex. 96Ex. 97 Ex. 98 Embodiment 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 SiO₂ (mol %) 70.50 70.8870.68 72.38 72.38 72.38 71.58 72.38 72.38 Al₂O₃ (mol %) 1.83 3.01 3.311.51 2.01 2.01 1.31 1.51 1.31 B₂O₃ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 1.00 MgO (mol %) 0.10 0.10 0.00 2.60 2.60 0.10 0.10 0.10 3.00CaO (mol %) 10.00 9.56 2.56 9.06 12.56 15.06 16.56 17.56 10.86 SrO (mol%) 0.00 2.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 BaO (mol %) 0.00 0.008.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TiO₂ (mol %) 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.050.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 ZrO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 Li₂O (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Na₂O (mol%) 8.75 7.19 7.19 7.19 5.19 5.19 5.19 4.19 4.19 K₂O (mol %) 8.75 7.197.19 7.19 5.19 5.19 5.19 4.19 4.19 Fe₂O₃ (mol %) 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.020.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 CeO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 Cr2O3 (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00SnO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PbO (mol %)0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ZnO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 RO (mol %) 10.10 11.66 11.56 11.66 15.1615.16 16.66 17.66 13.86 R₂O (mol %) 17.50 14.38 14.38 14.38 10.38 10.3810.38 8.38 8.38 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO (mol %) 13.1 21.4 23.2 18.4 21.9 14.4 9.510.9 18.2 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO − 4Li₂O (mol %) 13.1 21.4 23.2 18.4 21.9 14.49.5 10.9 18.2 SiO2 + Al₂O₃ + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + Li₂O + 100.0 100.0100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 96.0 Na₂O + K₂O + Fe₂O₃ + TiO₂ (mol%) MgO + CaO (mol %) 10.1 9.7 2.6 11.7 15.2 15.2 16.7 17.7 13.9 R₂O ×MgO (mol %)² 1.8 1.4 0.0 37.4 27.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 25.1 Na₂O/R₂O 0.50 0.500.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 K₂O/R₂O 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.500.50 0.50 0.50 R₂O + B₂O₃ (mol %) 17.5 14.4 14.4 14.4 10.4 10.4 10.4 8.49.4 SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ (mol %) 72.3 73.9 74.0 73.9 74.4 74.4 72.9 73.9 73.7FeO (mol %) — — — — — — — — — Fe-Redox (%) — — — — — — — — — Exponentialapproximation formula of relation — — — — — — — — — between frequencyand radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness) constant 1Exponential approximation formula of relation — — — — — — — — — betweenfrequency and radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness)constant 2 Radio transmittance with 18 mm thickness 37% 33% 38% 33% 31%31% 31% 31% 34% at 100 GHz d 2.49 2.54 2.73 2.47 2.49 2.50 2.52 2.512.49 α (×10⁻⁷/° C.) 109 98 103 97 83 85 87 79 77 E (GPa) 71 71 67 71 7575 76 77 76 T_(g) (° C.) 523 564 528 556 608 613 610 636 609 T₂ (° C.)1430 1485 1491 1495 1533 1510 1468 1504 1524 T₄ (° C.) 1015 1066 10151067 1113 1107 1078 1115 1095 T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — — — — T₄ − T_(L)(° C.) — — — — — — — — — Water resistance (mg) 0.29 0.29 0.28 0.36 0.310.30 0.28 0.29 0.31 Visible light transmittance T_(VA) ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯Visible light transmittance T_(VA) — — — — — — — — — measured value (%)Solar direct transmittance Te ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Solar directtransmittance Te measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — Ultraviolettransmittance T_(uv) measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — A × radiotransmittance (area: 0.0009 m²) 0.0336 0.0299 0.0341 0.0301 0.02810.0278 0.0281 0.0278 0.0308 Radio transmittance/t (thickness: 3.85 mm)9.7 8.6 9.8 8.7 8.1 8.0 8.1 8.0 8.9 β-OH (mm⁻¹) — — — — — — — — —Transmittance at wavelength 905 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Transmittanceat wavelength 1550 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Maximum radio transmittedamount — — — — — — — — — at 75 to 90 GHz of laminated glass (dB)Frequency at maximum radio transmitted amount — — — — — — — — — oflaminated glass (GHz) Ex. 99 Ex. 100 Ex. 101 Ex. 102 Ex. 103 Ex. 104 Ex.105 Ex. 106 Ex. 107 Embodiment 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 SiO₂ (mol %) 72.3671.98 72.38 71.34 71.34 71.34 72.40 72.40 72.40 Al₂O₃ (mol %) 1.31 1.511.51 2.10 2.10 2.10 1.51 1.51 1.51 B₂O₃ (mol %) 1.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MgO (mol %) 4.50 1.50 0.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.10 0.100.10 CaO (mol %) 11.48 13.56 11.56 10.99 10.99 10.99 11.56 11.56 11.56SrO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 BaO (mol %)2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TiO₂ (mol %) 0.05 0.05 0.050.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 ZrO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 Li₂O (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Na₂O (mol %) 3.19 5.19 2.31 10.50 7.25 4.50 10.06 10.06 10.06 K₂O (mol%) 3.19 5.19 12.06 4.00 7.25 9.99 4.32 4.32 4.32 Fe₂O₃ (mol %) 0.02 0.020.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.004 0.004 0.004 CeO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr2O3 (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.0020 0.0041 SnO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 PbO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ZnO (mol%) 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 RO (mol %) 17.98 15.0611.66 11.99 11.99 11.99 11.66 11.66 11.66 R₂O (mol %) 6.38 10.38 14.3714.50 14.50 14.49 14.38 14.38 14.38 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO (mol %) 22.7 15.1 10.917.7 17.7 17.7 10.9 10.9 10.9 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO − 4Li₂O (mol %) 22.7 15.110.9 17.7 17.7 17.7 10.9 10.9 10.9 SiO2 + Al₂O₃ + MgO + CaO + SrO +BaO + Li₂O + 98.1 99.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Na₂O +K₂O + Fe₂O₃ + TiO₂ (mol %) MgO + CaO (mol %) 16.0 15.1 11.7 12.0 12.012.0 11.7 11.7 11.7 R₂O × MgO (mol %)² 28.7 15.6 1.4 14.5 14.5 14.5 1.41.4 1.4 Na₂O/R₂O 0.50 0.50 0.16 0.72 0.50 0.31 0.70 0.70 0.70 K₂O/R₂O0.50 0.50 0.84 0.28 0.50 0.69 0.30 0.30 0.30 R₂O + B₂O₃ (mol %) 8.3 10.414.4 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.4 14.4 14.4 SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ (mol %) 73.7 73.5 73.973.4 73.4 73.4 73.9 73.9 73.9 FeO (mol %) — — — — — — 0.0009 0.00010.0001 Fe-Redox (%) — — — — — — 22 2 3 Exponential approximation formulaof relation — — — — — — — — — between frequency and radio transmittance(as calculated as 18 mm thickness) constant 1 Exponential approximationformula of relation — — — — — — — — — between frequency and radiotransmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness) constant 2 Radiotransmittance with 18 mm thickness 37% 31% 28% 30% 33% 32% 31% 31% 31%at 100 GHz d 2.57 2.51 2.48 2.49 2.49 2.48 2.49 2.49 2.49 α (×10⁻⁷/° C.)69 84 95 96 98 99 95 95 95 E (GPa) 76 76 62 74 71 67 73 73 73 T_(g) (°C.) 604 612 603 549 562 583 547 547 547 T₂ (° C.) 1545 1499 1495 14581478 1494 1444 1444 1444 T₄ (° C.) 1110 1096 1089 1041 1061 1081 10311031 1031 T_(L) (° C.) — — 940 — — — 1000 1000 1000 T₄ − T_(L) (° C.) —— 149 — — — 31 31 31 Water resistance (mg) 0.29 0.31 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.290.29 0.29 0.29 Visible light transmittance T_(VA) ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯Visible light transmittance T_(VA) — — — — — — 91.6 90.7 89.9 measuredvalue (%) Solar direct transmittance Te ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Solar directtransmittance Te measured value (%) — — — — — — 91.0 90.1 87.6Ultraviolet transmittance T_(uv) measured value (%) — — — — — — 86.670.6 40.0 A × radio transmittance (area: 0.0009 m²) 0.0337 0.0277 0.02540.0270 0.0299 0.0286 0.0279 0.0279 0.0279 Radio transmittance/t(thickness: 3.85 mm) 9.7 8.0 7.3 7.8 8.6 8.3 8.1 8.1 8.1 β-OH (mm⁻¹) — —— — — — 0.18 0.13 0.16 Transmittance at wavelength 905 nm (%) — — — — —— 90.8 92.0 91.9 Transmittance at wavelength 1550 nm (%) — — — — — —91.3 92.3 92.3 Maximum radio transmitted amount — — — — — — — — — at 75to 90 GHz of laminated glass (dB) Frequency at maximum radio transmittedamount — — — — — — — — — of laminated glass (GHz) Ex. 108 Ex. 109 Ex.110 Ex. 111 Ex. 112 Ex. 113 Ex. 114 Ex. 115 Ex. 116 Embodiment 3 3 3 3 34 4 4 4 SiO₂ (mol %) 72.40 72.40 72.40 72.39 72.38 66.00 65.94 61.9465.94 Al₂O₃ (mol %) 1.51 1.51 1.51 1.51 1.51 3.00 3.00 7.00 3.00 B₂O₃(mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MgO (mol %) 0.100.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 4.70 6.25 0.50 7.00 CaO (mol %) 11.56 11.56 11.5611.56 11.56 7.74 6.25 12.00 12.00 SrO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 BaO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 TiO₂ (mol %) 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 ZrO₂ (mol%) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Li₂O (mol %) 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 6.17 6.17 6.17 4.00 Na₂O (mol %) 10.06 10.06 10.06 10.0510.05 6.17 6.17 6.17 4.00 K₂O (mol %) 4.32 4.32 4.32 4.32 4.32 6.17 6.176.17 4.00 Fe₂O₃ (mol %) 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.02 0.02 0.020.02 CeO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.0036 0.0108 0.0180 0.0359 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Cr2O3 (mol %) 0.0061 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SnO₂ (mol%) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PbO (mol %) 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ZnO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 RO (mol %) 11.66 11.66 11.66 11.66 11.66 12.44 12.5012.50 19.00 R₂O (mol %) 14.38 14.38 14.38 14.37 14.37 18.51 18.51 18.5112.00 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO (mol %) 10.9 10.9 10.9 10.9 10.9 35.1 39.8 50.5 42.07Al₂O₃ + 3MgO − 4Li₂O (mol %) 10.9 10.9 10.9 10.9 10.9 10.4 15.1 25.826.0 SiO2 + Al₂O₃ + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + Li₂O + 100.0 100.0 100.0100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Na₂O + K₂O + Fe₂O₃ + TiO₂ (mol %)MgO + CaO (mol %) 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 12.4 12.5 12.5 19.0 R₂O × MgO(mol %)² 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 87.0 115.7 9.3 84.0 Na₂O/R₂O 0.70 0.70 0.700.70 0.70 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 K₂O/R₂O 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.33 0.330.33 0.33 R₂O + B₂O₃ (mol %) 14.4 14.4 14.4 14.4 14.4 18.5 18.5 18.512.0 SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ (mol %) 73.9 73.9 73.9 73.9 73.9 69.0 68.9 68.9 68.9FeO (mol %) 0.0002 0.0007 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 — — — — Fe-Redox (%) 4 186.5 7 9 — — — — Exponential approximation formula of relation — — — — —— — — — between frequency and radio transmittance (as calculated as 18mm thickness) constant 1 Exponential approximation formula of relation —— — — — — — — — between frequency and radio transmittance (as calculatedas 18 mm thickness) constant 2 Radio transmittance with 18 mm thickness31% 31% 31% 31% 31% 38% 39% 36% 36% at 100 GHz d 2.49 2.49 2.49 2.492.49 2.53 2.53 2.53 2.53 α (×10⁻⁷/° C.) 95 95 95 95 95 101 104 104 85 E(GPa) 73 73 73 73 73 78 78 78 83 T_(g) (° C.) 547 547 547 547 547 473469 502 533 T₂ (° C.) 1444 1444 1444 1444 1444 1363 1362 1363 1398 T₄ (°C.) 1031 1031 1031 1031 1031 952 956 967 1015 T_(L) (° C.) 1000 10001000 1000 1000 — 920 1100 — T₄ − T_(L) (° C.) 31 31 31 31 31 — 36 −133 —Water resistance (mg) 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.13Visible light transmittance T_(VA) ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Visible lighttransmittance T_(VA) 88.9 91.9 91.9 91.8 91.9 — — — — measured value (%)Solar direct transmittance Te ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Solar directtransmittance Te measured value (%) 86.5 91.0 91.0 90.8 90.7 — — — —Ultraviolet transmittance T_(uv) measured value (%) 33.2 77.8 68.0 62.454.8 — — — — A × radio transmittance (area: 0.0009 m²) 0.0279 0.02790.0279 0.0279 0.0279 0.0345 0.0349 0.0324 0.0323 Radio transmittance/t(thickness: 3.85 mm) 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 9.9 10.1 9.4 9.3 β-OH (mm⁻¹)0.19 0.17 0.08 0.25 0.23 — — — — Transmittance at wavelength 905 nm (%)92.0 91.2 91.8 91.8 91.8 — — — — Transmittance at wavelength 1550 nm (%)92.3 91.6 92.1 92.1 92.1 — — — — Maximum radio transmitted amount — — —— — — — — — at 75 to 90 GHz of laminated glass (dB) Frequency at maximumradio transmitted amount — — — — — — — — — of laminated glass (GHz) Ex.117 Ex. 118 Ex. 119 Ex. 120 Ex. 121 Ex. 122 Ex. 123 Ex. 124 Ex. 125Embodiment 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 SiO₂ (mol %) 65.94 67.03 67.03 64.73 66.0366.03 66.03 66.53 66.53 Al₂O₃ (mol %) 3.00 1.90 3.90 4.00 7.50 7.50 8.504.50 5.50 B₂O₃ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 MgO(mol %) 9.50 1.50 0.00 3.40 4.30 4.30 4.30 3.80 4.30 CaO (mol %) 9.5012.00 13.50 10.00 9.10 12.10 12.10 14.10 10.60 SrO (mol %) 0.00 2.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50 4.00 BaO (mol %) 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.50 1.00 TiO₂ (mol %) 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.050.05 ZrO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50 Li₂O (mol%) 4.00 1.50 1.70 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 Na₂O (mol %) 4.00 7.006.50 6.00 5.00 3.40 3.40 3.40 2.00 K₂O (mol %) 4.00 6.00 5.80 7.00 6.004.60 3.60 3.60 2.00 Fe₂O₃ (mol %) 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.020.02 0.02 CeO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Cr2O3 (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SnO₂ (mol %)0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PbO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ZnO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 RO (mol %) 19.00 16.50 14.50 13.40 13.40 16.40 16.4019.90 19.90 R₂O (mol %) 12.00 14.50 14.00 16.00 13.00 10.00 9.00 9.006.00 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO (mol %) 49.5 17.8 27.3 38.2 65.4 65.4 72.4 42.9 51.47Al₂O₃ + 3MgO − 4Li₂O (mol %) 33.5 11.8 20.5 26.2 57.4 57.4 64.4 34.943.4 SiO2 + Al₂O₃ + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + Li₂O + 100.0 100.0 99.5 98.2100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.0 Na₂O + K₂O + Fe₂O₃ + TiO₂ (mol %) MgO + CaO(mol %) 19.0 13.5 13.5 13.4 13.4 16.4 16.4 17.9 14.9 R₂O × MgO (mol %)²114.0 21.8 0.0 54.4 55.9 43.0 38.7 34.2 25.8 Na₂O/R₂O 0.33 0.48 0.460.38 0.38 0.34 0.38 0.38 0.33 K₂O/R₂O 0.33 0.41 0.41 0.44 0.46 0.46 0.400.40 0.33 R₂O + B₂O₃ (mol %) 12.0 14.5 14.0 17.8 13.0 10.0 9.0 9.0 6.5SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ (mol %) 68.9 68.9 70.9 68.7 73.5 73.5 74.5 71.0 72.0 FeO(mol %) — — — — — — — — — Fe-Redox (%) — — — — — — — — — Exponentialapproximation formula of relation — — — — — — — — — between frequencyand radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness) constant 1Exponential approximation formula of relation — — — — — — — — — betweenfrequency and radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness)constant 2 Radio transmittance with 18 mm thickness 34% 36% 32% 39% 30%31% 30% 32% 34% at 100 GHz d 2.53 2.61 2.56 2.52 2.50 2.51 2.51 2.592.67 α (×10⁻⁷/° C.) 84 102 95 97 86 78 74 79 64 E (GPa) 83 75 76 73 7780 82 82 83 T_(g) (° C.) 576 524 561 510 599 630 645 606 642 T₂ (° C.)1411 1366 1435 1384 1538 1541 1569 1463 1540 T₄ (° C.) 1024 977 1034 9961138 1156 1184 1084 1155 T_(L) (° C.) 1170 — — — — — — — — T₄ − T_(L) (°C.) −146 — — — — — — — — Water resistance (mg) 0.09 0.26 0.26 0.16 — — —0.13 0.09 Visible light transmittance T_(VA) ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Visiblelight transmittance T_(VA) — — — — — — — — — measured value (%) Solardirect transmittance Te ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Solar direct transmittance Temeasured value (%) — — — — — — — — — Ultraviolet transmittance T_(uv)measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — A × radio transmittance (area:0.0009 m²) 0.0305 0.0321 0.0292 0.0349 0.0272 0.0277 0.0274 0.02890.0326 Radio transmittance/t (thickness: 3.85 mm) 8.8 9.3 8.4 10.1 7.98.0 7.9 8.3 9.4 β-OH (mm⁻¹) — — — — — — — — — Transmittance atwavelength 905 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Transmittance at wavelength 1550nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Maximum radio transmitted amount — — — — — — —— — at 75 to 90 GHz of laminated glass (dB) Frequency at maximum radiotransmitted amount — — — — — — — — — of laminated glass (GHz) Ex. 126Ex. 127 Ex. 128 Ex. 129 Ex. 130 Ex. 131 Ex. 132 Ex. 133 Ex. 134Embodiment 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 SiO₂ (mol %) 67.03 67.03 66.03 67.03 67.0367.63 70.43 70.43 70.93 Al₂O₃ (mol %) 6.00 6.00 8.00 5.00 3.00 3.00 4.004.00 4.00 B₂O₃ (mol %) 1.00 0.50 0.50 2.00 1.80 1.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 MgO(mol %) 10.00 5.50 5.50 12.00 14.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 CaO (mol %) 2.4013.60 7.60 4.90 2.10 5.10 17.50 17.50 7.00 SrO (mol %) 0.00 1.00 3.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 BaO (mol %) 0.00 0.30 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 TiO₂ (mol %) 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05ZrO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Li₂O (mol %)4.50 2.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 4.00 4.00 5.00 Na₂O (mol %) 4.50 2.00 3.003.00 4.00 5.00 0.00 3.10 5.00 K₂O (mol %) 4.50 2.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 5.004.00 0.90 4.00 Fe₂O₃ (mol %) 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.020.02 CeO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr2O3(mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SnO₂ (mol %) 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PbO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ZnO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 RO (mol %) 12.40 20.40 16.40 16.90 16.10 13.10 17.50 17.5011.00 R₂O (mol %) 13.50 6.00 9.00 9.00 12.00 15.00 8.00 8.00 14.007Al₂O₃ + 3MgO (mol %) 72.0 58.5 72.5 71.0 63.0 45.0 28.0 28.0 40.07Al₂O₃ + 3MgO − 4Li₂O (mol %) 54.0 50.5 60.5 59.0 47.0 25.0 12.0 12.020.0 SiO2 + Al₂O₃ + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + Li₂O + 99.0 99.5 99.5 98.098.2 98.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 Na₂O + K₂O + Fe₂O₃ + TiO₂ (mol %) MgO + CaO(mol %) 12.4 19.1 13.1 16.9 16.1 13.1 17.5 17.5 11.0 R₂O × MgO (mol %)²135.0 33.0 49.5 108.0 168.0 120.0 0.0 0.0 56.0 Na₂O/R₂O 0.33 0.33 0.330.33 0.33 0.33 0.00 0.39 0.36 K₂O/R₂O 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.500.11 0.29 R₂O + B₂O₃ (mol %) 14.5 6.5 9.5 11.0 13.8 16.2 8.0 8.0 14.0SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ (mol %) 73.0 73.0 74.0 72.0 70.0 70.6 74.4 74.4 74.9 FeO(mol %) — — — — — — — — — Fe-Redox (%) — — — — — — — — — Exponentialapproximation formula of relation — — — — — — — — — between frequencyand radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness) constant 1Exponential approximation formula of relation — — — — — — — — — betweenfrequency and radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness)constant 2 Radio transmittance with 18 mm thickness 33% 34% 32% 36% 36%36% 31% 30% 32% at 100 GHz d 2.46 2.56 2.58 2.48 2.47 2.48 2.51 2.522.46 α (×10⁻⁷/° C.) 79 65 72 66 76 88 71 68 83 E (GPa) 80 84 82 81 80 7882 84 79 T_(g) (° C.) 543 641 612 577 530 497 610 596 524 T₂ (° C.) 15241538 1549 1516 1439 1437 1529 1515 1540 T₄ (° C.) 1097 1153 1159 11061032 1015 1153 1123 1093 T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — — — — T₄ − T_(L) (°C.) — — — — — — — — — Water resistance (mg) — — — — 0.02 0.17 0.32 0.330.21 Visible light transmittance T_(VA) ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Visible lighttransmittance T_(VA) — — — — — — — — — measured value (%) Solar directtransmittance Te ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Solar direct transmittance Temeasured value (%) — — — — — — — — — Ultraviolet transmittance T_(uv)measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — A × radio transmittance (area:0.0009 m²) 0.0300 0.0308 0.0291 0.0320 0.0323 0.0328 0.0276 0.02670.0292 Radio transmittance/t (thickness: 3.85 mm) 8.7 8.9 8.4 9.2 9.39.5 8.0 7.7 8.4 β-OH (mm⁻¹) — — — — — — — — — Transmittance atwavelength 905 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Transmittance at wavelength 1550nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Maximum radio transmitted amount — — — — — — —— — at 75 to 90 GHz of laminated glass (dB) Frequency at maximum radiotransmitted amount — — — — — — — — — of laminated glass (GHz) Ex. 135Ex. 136 Ex. 137 Ex. 138 Ex. 139 Ex. 140 Ex. 141 Ex. 142 Ex. 143Embodiment 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 SiO₂ (mol %) 65.50 66.00 66.00 68.45 68.4566.00 66.00 66.00 66.00 Al₂O₃ (mol %) 3.45 2.95 2.95 5.00 7.00 1.00 2.953.85 2.95 B₂O₃ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.90 MgO(mol %) 0.50 0.50 6.00 0.50 0.00 7.00 0.00 0.10 3.50 CaO (mol %) 11.9811.98 6.48 8.98 8.98 6.43 11.98 12.38 8.98 SrO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 BaO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 TiO₂ (mol %) 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05ZrO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Li₂O (mol %)4.37 3.07 7.37 6.87 9.87 7.37 3.17 5.47 5.47 Na₂O (mol %) 8.97 8.97 8.977.97 3.47 2.17 2.17 7.97 7.97 K₂O (mol %) 5.17 6.47 2.17 2.17 2.17 8.9713.17 3.17 3.17 Fe₂O₃ (mol %) 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.020.02 CeO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr2O3(mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SnO₂ (mol %) 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PbO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ZnO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 RO (mol %) 12.48 12.48 12.48 9.48 8.98 13.43 11.98 12.48 12.48R₂O (mol %) 18.51 18.51 18.51 17.01 15.51 18.51 18.51 16.61 16.617Al₂O₃ + 3MgO (mol %) 25.7 22.2 38.7 36.5 49.0 28.0 20.7 27.3 31.27Al₂O₃ + 3MgO − 4Li₂O (mol %) 8.2 9.9 9.2 9.0 9.5 −1.5 8.0 5.4 9.3SiO2 + Al₂O₃ + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + Li₂O + 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0100.0 99.0 99.5 99.0 98.1 Na₂O + K₂O + Fe₂O₃ + TiO₂ (mol %) MgO + CaO(mol %) 12.5 12.5 12.5 9.5 9.0 13.4 12.0 12.5 12.5 R₂O × MgO (mol %)²9.3 9.3 111.1 8.5 0.0 129.6 0.0 1.7 58.1 Na₂O/R₂O 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.470.22 0.12 0.12 0.48 0.48 K₂O/R₂O 0.28 0.35 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.48 0.71 0.190.19 R₂O + B₂O₃ (mol %) 18.5 18.5 18.5 17.0 15.5 18.5 19.0 17.6 18.5SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ (mol %) 69.0 69.0 69.0 73.5 75.5 67.0 69.0 69.9 69.0 FeO(mol %) — — — — — — — — — Fe-Redox (%) — — — — — — — — — Exponentialapproximation formula of relation — — — — — — — — — between frequencyand radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness) constant 1Exponential approximation formula of relation — — — — — — — — — betweenfrequency and radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness)constant 2 Radio transmittance with 18 mm thickness 39% 40% 35% 32% 33%35% 31% 37% 39% at 100 GHz d 2.52 2.52 2.49 2.49 2.47 2.51 2.51 2.522.51 α (×10⁻⁷/° C.) 106 108 97 90 80 100 106 96 94 E (GPa) 77 74 83 8185 76 61 79 79 T_(g) (° C.) 484 490 467 491 503 475 524 488 470 T₂ (°C.) 1349 1354 1364 1453 1507 1336 1340 1362 1363 T₄ (° C.) 935 947 9291010 1068 940 995 946 944 T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — — — — T₄ − T_(L) (°C.) — — — — — — — — — Water resistance (mg) 0.19 0.21 0.25 0.23 0.390.20 0.24 0.22 0.23 Visible light transmittance T_(VA) ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯Visible light transmittance T_(VA) — — — — — — — — — measured value (%)Solar direct transmittance Te ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Solar directtransmittance Te measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — Ultraviolettransmittance T_(uv) measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — A × radiotransmittance (area: 0.0009 m²) 0.0349 0.0357 0.0317 0.0290 0.02940.0314 0.0277 0.0330 0.0348 Radio transmittance/t (thickness: 3.85 mm)10.1 10.3 9.1 8.4 8.5 9.1 8.0 9.5 10.1 β-OH (mm⁻¹) — — — — — — — — —Transmittance at wavelength 905 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Transmittanceat wavelength 1550 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Maximum radio transmittedamount — — — — — — — — — at 75 to 90 GHz of laminated glass (dB)Frequency at maximum radio transmitted amount — — — — — — — — — oflaminated glass (GHz) Ex. 144 Ex. 145 Ex. 146 Ex. 147 Ex. 148 Ex. 149Ex. 150 Ex. 151 Ex. 152 Embodiment 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 SiO₂ (mol %) 69.0070.50 69.50 69.00 69.00 69.50 69.03 66.00 67.95 Al₂O₃ (mol %) 2.95 2.502.95 2.95 3.20 2.95 3.50 5.50 5.50 B₂O₃ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 1.95 0.00 MgO (mol %) 0.00 2.00 0.10 1.50 1.00 4.50 0.90 0.500.50 CaO (mol %) 2.50 9.43 5.50 2.00 11.98 10.48 8.00 11.98 11.98 SrO(mol %) 9.48 0.00 5.48 11.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 BaO (mol %) 0.000.00 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TiO₂ (mol %) 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.050.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 ZrO₂ (mol %) 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 Li₂O (mol %) 5.17 5.17 5.17 4.17 8.08 8.33 6.17 13.00 13.00Na₂O (mol %) 5.17 5.17 5.17 4.17 4.17 0.80 6.17 1.00 1.00 K₂O (mol %)5.17 5.17 5.17 4.17 2.50 3.37 6.17 0.00 0.00 Fe₂O₃ (mol %) 0.02 0.020.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 CeO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr2O3 (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 SnO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PbO(mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ZnO (mol %) 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 RO (mol %) 11.98 11.43 11.9815.48 12.98 14.98 8.90 12.48 12.48 R₂O (mol %) 15.51 15.51 15.51 12.5114.75 12.50 18.51 14.00 14.00 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO (mol %) 20.7 23.5 21.0 25.225.4 34.2 27.2 40.0 40.0 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO − 4Li₂O (mol %) 0.0 2.8 0.3 8.5−6.9 0.8 2.5 −12.0 −12.0 SiO2 + Al₂O₃ + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + Li₂O +99.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.1 100.0 Na₂O + K₂O + Fe₂O₃ +TiO₂ (mol %) MgO + CaO (mol %) 2.5 11.4 5.6 3.5 13.0 15.0 8.9 12.5 12.5R₂O × MgO (mol %)² 0.0 31.0 1.6 18.8 14.8 56.3 16.7 7.0 7.0 Na₂O/R₂O0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.28 0.06 0.33 0.07 0.07 K₂O/R₂O 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.330.17 0.27 0.33 0.00 0.00 R₂O + B₂O₃ (mol %) 15.5 15.5 15.5 12.5 14.812.5 18.5 16.0 14.0 SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ (mol %) 72.0 73.0 72.5 72.0 72.2 72.572.5 71.5 73.5 FeO (mol %) — — — — — — — — — Fe-Redox (%) — — — — — — —— — Exponential approximation formula of relation — — — — — — — — —between frequency and radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mmthickness) constant 1 Exponential approximation formula of relation — —— — — — — — — between frequency and radio transmittance (as calculatedas 18 mm thickness) constant 2 Radio transmittance with 18 mm thickness37% 35% 37% 36% 33% 32% 39% 33% 31% at 100 GHz d 2.68 2.48 2.62 2.712.50 2.48 2.48 2.50 2.49 α (×10⁻⁷/° C.) 96 92 96 90 85 77 99 72 72 E(GPa) 78 78 77 79 84 85 85 90 92 T_(g) (° C.) 486 500 479 511 494 509473 479 500 T₂ (° C.) 1408 1462 1421 1422 1427 1478 1431 1383 1458 T₄ (°C.) 996 1036 1000 1017 1006 1054 1001 959 1019 T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — —— — — T₄ − T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — — — — Water resistance (mg) 0.280.28 0.28 0.26 0.27 0.13 0.23 0.31 0.33 Visible light transmittanceT_(VA) ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Visible light transmittance T_(VA) — — — — — —— — — measured value (%) Solar direct transmittance Te ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯Solar direct transmittance Te measured value (%) — — — — — — — — —Ultraviolet transmittance T_(uv) measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — A× radio transmittance (area: 0.0009 m²) 0.0331 0.0311 0.0331 0.03220.0297 0.0291 0.0347 0.0301 0.0283 Radio transmittance/t (thickness:3.85 mm) 9.5 9.0 9.5 9.3 8.6 8.4 10.0 8.7 8.2 β-OH (mm⁻¹) — — — — — — —— — Transmittance at wavelength 905 nm (%) — — — — — — — — —Transmittance at wavelength 1550 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Maximum radiotransmitted amount — — — — — — — — — at 75 to 90 GHz of laminated glass(dB) Frequency at maximum radio transmitted amount — — — — — — — — — oflaminated glass (GHz) Ex. 153 Ex. 154 Ex. 155 Ex. 156 Ex. 157 Ex. 158Ex. 159 Ex. 160 Ex. 161 Embodiment 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 SiO₂ (mol %) 66.8566.85 66.85 69.95 70.75 70.75 70.75 70.75 70.75 Al₂O₃ (mol %) 5.00 4.003.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 B₂O₃ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MgO (mol %) 0.50 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.20 10.00 8.00 6.004.00 CaO (mol %) 13.58 13.58 11.58 13.48 13.48 3.68 3.68 4.68 6.68 SrO(mol %) 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 BaO (mol %) 0.000.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 TiO₂ (mol %) 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.050.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 ZrO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 Li₂O (mol %) 14.00 13.00 10.00 14.00 14.50 13.50 12.50 9.507.50 Na₂O (mol %) 0.00 0.75 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 2.00 4.00 4.00 K₂O (mol%) 0.00 0.75 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 2.00 4.00 4.00 Fe₂O₃ (mol %) 0.02 0.020.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 CeO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr2O3 (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 SnO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PbO(mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ZnO (mol %) 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 RO (mol %) 14.08 14.58 14.0813.98 13.68 13.68 11.68 10.68 12.68 R₂O (mol %) 14.00 14.50 16.00 14.0014.50 14.50 16.50 17.50 15.50 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO (mol %) 36.5 31.0 22.5 15.57.6 37.0 31.0 25.0 19.0 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO − 4Li₂O (mol %) −19.5 −21.0 −17.5−40.5 −50.4 −17.0 −19.0 −13.0 −11.0 SiO2 + Al₂O₃ + MgO + CaO + SrO +BaO + Li₂O + 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0Na₂O + K₂O + Fe₂O₃ + TiO₂ (mol %) MgO + CaO (mol %) 14.1 14.6 12.1 14.013.7 13.7 11.7 10.7 10.7 R₂O × MgO (mol %)² 7.0 14.5 8.0 7.0 2.9 145.0132.0 105.0 62.0 Na₂O/R₂O 0.00 0.05 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.12 0.23 0.26K₂O/R₂O 0.00 0.05 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.12 0.23 0.26 R₂O + B₂O₃ (mol %)14.0 14.5 16.0 14.0 14.5 14.5 16.5 17.5 15.5 SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ (mol %) 71.970.9 69.9 72.0 71.8 71.8 71.8 71.8 71.8 FeO (mol %) — — — — — — — — —Fe-Redox (%) — — — — — — — — — Exponential approximation formula ofrelation — — — — — — — — — between frequency and radio transmittance (ascalculated as 18 mm thickness) constant 1 Exponential approximationformula of relation — — — — — — — — — between frequency and radiotransmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness) constant 2 Radiotransmittance with 18 mm thickness 31% 32% 35% 31% 31% 35% 37% 39% 37%at 100 GHz d 2.50 2.50 2.56 2.49 2.48 2.44 2.44 2.45 2.53 α (×10⁻⁷/° C.)73 78 91 72 73 68 79 90 90 E (GPa) 94 93 85 93 93 92 92 83 81 T_(g) (°C.) 499 491 466 490 487 480 469 458 459 T₂ (° C.) 1400 1374 1338 14341433 1486 1466 1442 1435 T₄ (° C.) 974 953 928 994 989 989 980 983 989T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — — — — T₄ − T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — — — — Waterresistance (mg) 0.30 0.26 0.25 0.20 0.17 0.15 0.19 0.33 0.31 Visiblelight transmittance T_(VA) ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Visible light transmittanceT_(VA) — — — — — — — — — measured value (%) Solar direct transmittanceTe ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Solar direct transmittance Te measured value (%) —— — — — — — — — Ultraviolet transmittance T_(uv) measured value (%) — —— — — — — — — A × radio transmittance (area: 0.0009 m²) 0.0281 0.02870.0317 0.0276 0.0277 0.0318 0.0337 0.0350 0.0329 Radio transmittance/t(thickness: 3.85 mm) 8.1 8.3 9.1 8.0 8.0 9.2 9.7 10.1 9.5 β-OH (mm⁻¹) —— — — — — — — — Transmittance at wavelength 905 nm (%) — — — — — — — — —Transmittance at wavelength 1550 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Maximum radiotransmitted amount — — — — — — — — — at 75 to 90 GHz of laminated glass(dB) Frequency at maximum radio transmitted amount — — — — — — — — — oflaminated glass (GHz) Ex. 162 Ex. 163 Ex. 164 Ex. 165 Ex. 166 Ex. 167Ex. 168 Ex. 169 Ex. 170 Embodiment 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 SiO₂ (mol %) 70.7569.95 69.95 69.95 70.85 70.85 71.35 69.85 70.85 Al₂O₃ (mol %) 1.00 2.002.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 1.00 1.00 B₂O₃ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 MgO (mol %) 2.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.200.20 CaO (mol %) 6.18 13.48 13.48 13.48 14.38 14.38 12.38 1.00 1.00 SrO(mol %) 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.38 0.00 BaO (mol %) 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 13.38 TiO₂ (mol %) 0.05 0.05 0.050.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 ZrO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 Li₂O (mol %) 6.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50Na₂O (mol %) 6.00 7.00 0.00 3.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 K₂O (mol %)6.00 0.00 7.00 3.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 Fe₂O₃ (mol %) 0.02 0.020.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 CeO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr2O3 (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 SnO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PbO(mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ZnO (mol %) 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 RO (mol %) 10.18 13.98 13.9813.98 14.58 14.58 14.58 14.58 14.58 R₂O (mol %) 18.00 14.00 14.00 14.0013.50 13.50 13.50 13.50 13.50 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO (mol %) 13.0 15.5 15.5 15.57.6 7.6 3.8 7.6 7.6 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO − 4Li₂O (mol %) −11.0 −12.5 −12.5−12.5 −10.4 −10.4 −14.2 −10.4 −10.4 SiO2 + Al₂O₃ + MgO + CaO + SrO +BaO + Li₂O + 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.0 100.0 Na₂O +K₂O + Fe₂O₃ + TiO₂ (mol %) MgO + CaO (mol %) 8.2 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.614.6 12.5 1.2 1.2 R₂O × MgO (mol %)² 36.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 2.7 2.7 1.4 2.72.7 Na₂O/R₂O 0.33 0.50 0.00 0.25 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 K₂O/R₂O 0.330.00 0.50 0.25 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 R₂O + B₂O₃ (mol %) 18.0 14.014.0 14.0 13.5 13.5 13.5 14.5 13.5 SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ (mol %) 71.8 72.0 72.072.0 71.9 71.9 71.9 70.9 71.9 FeO (mol %) — — — — — — — — — Fe-Redox (%)— — — — — — — — — Exponential approximation formula of relation — — — —— — — — — between frequency and radio transmittance (as calculated as 18mm thickness) constant 1 Exponential approximation formula of relation —— — — — — — — — between frequency and radio transmittance (as calculatedas 18 mm thickness) constant 2 Radio transmittance with 18 mm thickness40% 30% 30% 33% 33% 33% 34% 40% 41% at 100 GHz d 2.52 2.51 2.49 2.502.50 2.50 2.56 2.72 2.93 α (×10⁻⁷/° C.) 101 83 88 86 90 90 92 95 101 E(GPa) 76 84 78 82 79 79 78 77 73 T_(g) (° C.) 454 501 517 501 518 518493 462 478 T₂ (° C.) 1405 1405 1434 1420 1415 1415 1411 1362 1415 T₄ (°C.) 976 988 1048 1015 1021 1021 1003 959 924 T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — —— — T₄ − T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — — — — Water resistance (mg) 0.32 0.280.20 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.27 Visible light transmittance T_(VA) ◯◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Visible light transmittance T_(VA) — — — — — — — — —measured value (%) Solar direct transmittance Te ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Solardirect transmittance Te measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — Ultraviolettransmittance T_(uv) measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — A × radiotransmittance (area: 0.0009 m²) 0.0363 0.0269 0.0268 0.0295 0.02960.0296 0.0308 0.0364 0.0370 Radio transmittance/t (thickness: 3.85 mm)10.5 7.8 7.7 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.9 10.5 10.7 β-OH (mm⁻¹) — — — — — — — — —Transmittance at wavelength 905 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Transmittanceat wavelength 1550 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Maximum radio transmittedamount — — — — — — — — — at 75 to 90 GHz of laminated glass (dB)Frequency at maximum radio transmitted amount — — — — — — — — — oflaminated glass (GHz) Ex. 171 Ex. 172 Ex. 173 Ex. 174 Ex. 175 Ex. 176Ex. 177 Ex. 178 Ex. 179 Embodiment 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 1 SiO₂ (mol %) 70.8570.85 67.35 69.95 69.95 69.95 68.06 65.06 65.06 Al₂O₃ (mol %) 1.20 1.001.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 6.00 6.00 5.00 B₂O₃ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.000.00 4.00 7.00 5.00 MgO (mol %) 0.00 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.10 5.109.10 CaO (mol %) 0.00 10.38 9.38 13.48 13.48 13.48 0.00 2.60 0.00 SrO(mol %) 7.19 2.00 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.60 0.00 2.60 BaO (mol %) 7.192.00 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TiO₂ (mol %) 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.050.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 ZrO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 Li₂O (mol %) 5.00 4.50 4.50 12.00 10.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Na₂O (mol %) 4.25 4.50 4.50 1.00 2.00 3.00 10.52 9.02 4.02 K₂O (mol %)4.25 4.50 4.50 1.00 2.00 3.00 3.65 5.15 9.15 Fe₂O₃ (mol %) 0.02 0.020.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 CeO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr2O3 (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 SnO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PbO(mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ZnO (mol %) 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 RO (mol %) 14.38 14.58 17.5813.98 13.98 13.98 7.70 7.70 11.70 R₂O (mol %) 13.50 13.50 13.50 14.0014.00 14.00 14.17 14.17 13.17 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO (mol %) 8.4 7.6 7.6 15.515.5 15.5 42.3 57.3 62.3 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO − 4Li₂O (mol %) −11.6 −10.4 −10.4−32.5 −24.5 −16.5 42.3 57.3 62.3 SiO2 + Al₂O₃ + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO +Li₂O + 100.0 100.0 99.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 96.0 93.0 95.0 Na₂O + K₂O +Fe₂O₃ + TiO₂ (mol %) MgO + CaO (mol %) 0.0 10.6 9.6 14.0 14.0 14.0 0.17.7 9.1 R₂O × MgO (mol %)² 0.0 2.7 2.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 1.4 72.3 119.8Na₂O/R₂O 0.31 0.33 0.33 0.07 0.14 0.21 0.74 0.64 0.31 K₂O/R₂O 0.31 0.330.33 0.07 0.14 0.21 0.26 0.36 0.69 R₂O + B₂O₃ (mol %) 13.5 13.5 14.014.0 14.0 14.0 18.2 21.2 18.2 SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ (mol %) 72.1 71.9 68.4 72.072.0 72.0 74.1 71.1 70.1 FeO (mol %) — — — — — — — — — Fe-Redox (%) — —— — — — — — — Exponential approximation formula of relation — — — — — —— — — between frequency and radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mmthickness) constant 1 Exponential approximation formula of relation — —— — — — — — — between frequency and radio transmittance (as calculatedas 18 mm thickness) constant 2 Radio transmittance with 18 mm thickness40% 35% 38% 31% 32% 33% 34% 42% 41% at 100 GHz d 2.77 2.60 2.73 2.492.49 2.50 2.64 2.49 2.54 α (×10⁻⁷/° C.) 98 93 99 76 80 84 87 81 84 E(GPa) 76 78 78 90 87 84 69 66 65 T_(g) (° C.) 452 489 462 487 489 496550 531 572 T₂ (° C.) 1406 1411 1306 1426 1421 1420 1502 1507 1480 T₄ (°C.) 948 1000 920 1000 1005 1012 1058 1079 1097 T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — —— — — T₄ − T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — — — — Water resistance (mg) 0.260.27 0.23 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.13 — — Visible light transmittance T_(VA) ◯ ◯◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Visible light transmittance T_(VA) — — — — — — — — —measured value (%) Solar direct transmittance Te ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Solardirect transmittance Te measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — Ultraviolettransmittance T_(uv) measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — A × radiotransmittance (area: 0.0009 m²) 0.0360 0.0313 0.0339 0.0283 0.02890.0293 0.0308 0.0377 0.0367 Radio transmittance/t (thickness: 3.85 mm)10.4 9.0 9.8 8.2 8.3 8.5 8.9 10.9 10.6 β-OH (mm⁻¹) — — — — — — — — —Transmittance at wavelength 905 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Transmittanceat wavelength 1550 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Maximum radio transmittedamount — — — — — — — — — at 75 to 90 GHz of laminated glass (dB)Frequency at maximum radio transmitted amount — — — — — — — — — oflaminated glass (GHz) Ex. 180 Ex. 181 Ex. 182 Ex. 183 Ex. 184 Ex. 185Ex. 186 Ex. 187 Ex. 188 Embodiment 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 SiO₂ (mol %) 62.0665.80 65.80 70.45 67.45 69.45 69.45 67.45 70.03 Al₂O₃ (mol %) 9.00 7.007.00 4.00 3.50 5.00 5.80 5.00 5.80 B₂O₃ (mol %) 7.00 10.00 12.00 4.005.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 5.00 MgO (mol %) 0.00 1.13 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.001.80 0.00 CaO (mol %) 0.00 8.00 4.63 11.99 8.99 9.99 7.69 5.69 0.00 SrO(mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 BaO (mol %) 7.700.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 TiO₂ (mol %) 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.050.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 ZrO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50 0.50 1.50 0.000.00 0.00 Li₂O (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Na₂O(mol %) 5.02 4.00 1.50 5.49 4.20 4.20 6.10 7.20 4.10 K₂O (mol %) 9.154.00 4.00 2.50 6.80 3.80 1.90 2.80 13.00 Fe₂O₃ (mol %) 0.02 0.02 0.020.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 CeO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 Cr2O3 (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 SnO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PbO (mol%) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ZnO (mol %) 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 RO (mol %) 7.70 9.13 9.63 11.99 12.499.99 8.69 7.49 2.00 R₂O (mol %) 14.17 8.00 5.50 7.99 11.00 8.00 8.0010.00 17.10 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO (mol %) 63.0 52.4 64.0 28.0 24.5 35.0 40.640.4 40.6 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO − 4Li₂O (mol %) 63.0 52.4 64.0 28.0 24.5 35.040.6 40.4 40.6 SiO2 + Al₂O₃ + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + Li₂O + 93.0 90.088.0 94.5 94.5 92.5 92.0 90.0 95.0 Na₂O + K₂O + Fe₂O₃ + TiO₂ (mol %)MgO + CaO (mol %) 0.0 9.1 9.6 12.0 9.0 10.0 7.7 7.5 0.0 R₂O × MgO (mol%)² 0.0 9.0 27.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.0 0.0 Na₂O/R₂O 0.35 0.50 0.27 0.690.38 0.53 0.76 0.72 0.24 K₂O/R₂O 0.65 0.50 0.73 0.31 0.62 0.48 0.24 0.280.76 R₂O + B₂O₃ (mol %) 21.2 18.0 17.5 12.0 16.0 14.0 16.0 20.0 22.1SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ (mol %) 71.1 72.8 72.8 74.5 71.0 74.5 75.3 72.5 75.8 FeO(mol %) — — — — — — — — — Fe-Redox (%) — — — — — — — — — Exponentialapproximation formula of relation — — — — — — — — — between frequencyand radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness) constant 1Exponential approximation formula of relation — — — — — — — — — betweenfrequency and radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness)constant 2 Radio transmittance with 18 mm thickness 47% 53% 54% 40% 44%49% 47% 53% 41% at 100 GHz d 2.71 2.51 2.49 2.54 2.61 2.53 2.52 2.492.48 α (×10⁻⁷/° C.) 87 59 47 63 81 60 59 64 93 E (GPa) 59 67 66 75 68 7268 65 52 T_(g) (° C.) 540 576 588 624 567 618 568 531 557 T₂ (° C.) 14771522 1552 1538 1448 1556 1555 1503 1557 T₄ (° C.) 1098 1127 1163 11321060 1148 1114 1067 1111 T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — — — — T₄ − T_(L) (°C.) — — — — — — — — — Water resistance (mg) 0.30 0.25 — 0.30 0.28 0.330.31 0.19 0.36 Visible light transmittance T_(VA) ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯Visible light transmittance T_(VA) — — — — — — — — — measured value (%)Solar direct transmittance Te ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Solar directtransmittance Te measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — Ultraviolettransmittance T_(uv) measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — A × radiotransmittance (area: 0.0009 m²) 0.0423 0.0478 0.0483 0.0350 0.03970.0439 0.0424 0.0474 0.0372 Radio transmittance/t (thickness: 3.85 mm)12.2 13.8 14.0 10.1 11.4 12.7 12.2 13.7 10.7 β-OH (mm⁻¹) — — — — — — — —— Transmittance at wavelength 905 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Transmittanceat wavelength 1550 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Maximum radio transmittedamount — — — — — — — — — at 75 to 90 GHz of laminated glass (dB)Frequency at maximum radio transmitted amount — — — — — — — — — oflaminated glass (GHz) Ex. 189 Ex. 190 Ex. 191 Ex. 192 Ex. 193 Ex. 194Ex. 195 Ex. 196 Ex. 197 Embodiment 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 SiO₂ (mol %) 66.0366.03 68.13 69.13 72.01 67.01 72.01 69.41 70.41 Al₂O₃ (mol %) 5.80 4.002.80 3.80 2.80 1.50 2.00 2.00 2.00 B₂O₃ (mol %) 12.00 9.00 7.00 6.006.00 10.00 5.00 7.00 7.00 MgO (mol %) 0.00 1.80 3.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 3.001.00 3.00 CaO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 0.00 6.56 5.56 5.73 0.00 SrO(mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.56 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 BaO (mol %) 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.71 TiO₂ (mol %) 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.050.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 ZrO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 Li₂O (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Na₂O(mol %) 12.00 15.00 10.00 7.00 9.55 8.65 7.15 11.80 10.00 K₂O (mol %)4.10 4.10 9.00 7.00 2.82 3.22 3.22 3.00 3.82 Fe₂O₃ (mol %) 0.02 0.020.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 CeO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr2O3 (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 SnO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PbO(mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ZnO (mol %) 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 RO (mol %) 0.00 1.80 3.00 7.006.56 9.56 10.56 6.73 6.71 R₂O (mol %) 16.10 19.10 19.00 14.00 12.3711.87 10.37 14.80 13.82 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO (mol %) 40.6 33.4 28.6 32.6 22.619.5 23.0 17.0 23.0 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO − 4Li₂O (mol %) 40.6 33.4 28.6 32.622.6 19.5 23.0 17.0 23.0 SiO2 + Al₂O₃ + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + Li₂O +88.0 91.0 93.0 94.0 93.8 90.0 95.0 93.0 93.0 Na₂O + K₂O + Fe₂O₃ + TiO₂(mol %) MgO + CaO (mol %) 0.0 1.8 3.0 7.0 1.0 9.6 8.6 6.7 3.0 R₂O × MgO(mol %)² 0.0 34.4 57.0 28.0 12.4 35.6 31.1 14.8 41.5 Na₂O/R₂O 0.75 0.790.53 0.50 0.77 0.73 0.69 0.80 0.72 K₂O/R₂O 0.25 0.21 0.47 0.50 0.23 0.270.31 0.20 0.28 R₂O + B₂O₃ (mol %) 28.1 28.1 26.0 20.0 18.4 21.9 15.421.8 20.8 SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ (mol %) 71.8 70.0 70.9 72.9 74.8 68.5 74.0 71.472.4 FeO (mol %) — — — — — — — — — Fe-Redox (%) — — — — — — — — —Exponential approximation formula of relation — — — — — — — — — betweenfrequency and radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness)constant 1 Exponential approximation formula of relation — — — — — — — —— between frequency and radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mmthickness) constant 2 Radio transmittance with 18 mm thickness 44% 31%56% 47% 44% 56% 42% 40% 48% at 100 GHz d 2.48 2.48 2.46 2.48 2.58 2.512.52 2.49 2.57 α (×10⁻⁷/° C.) 78 94 99 84 78 76 73 86 84 E (GPa) 58 6157 64 66 65 70 64 63 T_(g) (° C.) 461 440 454 525 505 479 542 477 468 T₂(° C.) 1477 1436 1438 1496 1495 1386 1510 1417 1460 T₄ (° C.) 1012 972990 1056 1023 969 1062 977 985 T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — — — — T₄ − T_(L)(° C.) — — — — — — — — — Water resistance (mg) 0.04 0.02 0.26 0.24 0.280.31 0.34 0.23 0.28 Visible light transmittance T_(VA) ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯Visible light transmittance T_(VA) — — — — — — — — — measured value (%)Solar direct transmittance Te ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Solar directtransmittance Te measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — Ultraviolettransmittance T_(uv) measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — A × radiotransmittance (area: 0.0009 m²) 0.0398 0.0283 0.0505 0.0421 0.03940.0499 0.0381 0.0351 0.0398 Radio transmittance/t (thickness: 3.85 mm)11.5 8.2 14.6 12.1 11.4 14.4 11.0 10.1 11.5 β-OH (mm⁻¹) — — — — — — — —— Transmittance at wavelength 905 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Transmittanceat wavelength 1550 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Maximum radio transmittedamount — — — — — — — — — at 75 to 90 GHz of laminated glass (dB)Frequency at maximum radio transmitted amount — — — — — — — — — oflaminated glass (GHz) Ex. 198 Ex. 199 Ex. 200 Ex. 201 Ex. 202 Ex. 203Ex. 204 Ex. 205 Ex. 206 Embodiment 3 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 SiO₂ (mol %) 70.7167.03 67.93 67.93 67.93 66.93 65.93 65.93 60.93 Al₂O₃ (mol %) 3.00 1.903.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 8.70 B₂O₃ (mol %) 6.50 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.004.00 5.00 7.00 7.00 MgO (mol %) 0.20 1.50 1.50 12.00 8.00 6.00 1.50 1.501.50 CaO (mol %) 10.71 8.00 5.00 3.00 6.00 6.50 2.00 6.00 6.00 SrO (mol%) 0.00 2.00 6.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 BaO (mol %) 0.00 1.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 TiO₂ (mol %) 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.050.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 ZrO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 Li₂O (mol %) 0.00 1.50 1.00 4.00 4.00 4.50 1.00 2.00 13.50 Na₂O(mol %) 5.00 7.00 6.50 4.00 4.00 4.50 0.50 11.50 1.30 K₂O (mol %) 3.826.00 6.00 4.00 4.00 4.50 12.00 2.00 1.00 Fe₂O₃ (mol %) 0.02 0.02 0.020.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 CeO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 Cr2O3 (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 SnO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PbO (mol%) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ZnO (mol %) 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 RO (mol %) 10.91 12.50 12.50 15.0014.00 12.50 12.50 8.50 7.50 R₂O (mol %) 8.82 14.50 13.50 12.00 12.0013.50 13.50 15.50 15.80 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO (mol %) 21.6 17.8 25.5 50.0 45.039.0 25.5 25.5 65.4 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO − 4Li₂O (mol %) 21.6 11.8 21.5 34.029.0 21.0 21.5 17.5 11.4 SiO2 + Al₂O₃ + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + Li₂O +93.5 96.0 97.0 97.0 97.0 96.0 95.0 93.0 93.0 Na₂O + K₂O + Fe₂O₃ + TiO₂(mol %) MgO + CaO (mol %) 10.9 9.5 6.5 15.0 14.0 12.5 3.5 7.5 7.5 R₂O ×MgO (mol %)² 1.8 21.8 20.3 144.0 96.0 81.0 20.3 23.3 23.7 Na₂O/R₂O 0.570.48 0.48 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.04 0.74 0.08 K₂O/R₂O 0.43 0.41 0.44 0.33 0.330.33 0.89 0.13 0.06 R₂O + B₂O₃ (mol %) 15.3 18.5 16.5 15.0 15.0 17.518.5 22.5 22.8 SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ (mol %) 73.7 68.9 70.9 69.9 70.9 69.9 68.968.9 69.6 FeO (mol %) — — — — — — — — — Fe-Redox (%) — — — — — — — — —Exponential approximation formula of relation — — — — — — — — — betweenfrequency and radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness)constant 1 Exponential approximation formula of relation — — — — — — — —— between frequency and radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mmthickness) constant 2 Radio transmittance with 18 mm thickness 46% 46%41% 39% 38% 41% 32% 41% 41% at 100 GHz d 2.50 2.59 2.63 2.47 2.48 2.492.67 2.54 2.49 α (×10⁻⁷/° C.) 68 94 92 76 76 81 91 87 72 E (GPa) 69 7071 78 78 76 59 69 84 T_(g) (° C.) 565 483 519 509 514 486 522 452 429 T₂(° C.) 1506 1366 1423 1432 1458 1415 1367 1381 1290 T₄ (° C.) 1082 9651016 1016 1039 1004 1032 940 899 T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — — — — T₄ −T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — — — — Water resistance (mg) 0.30 0.26 0.25 0.220.13 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.25 Visible light transmittance T_(VA) ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯◯ ◯ ◯ Visible light transmittance T_(VA) — — — — — — — — — measuredvalue (%) Solar direct transmittance Te ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Solar directtransmittance Te measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — Ultraviolettransmittance T_(uv) measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — A × radiotransmittance (area: 0.0009 m²) 0.0412 0.0411 0.0372 0.0350 0.03440.0372 0.0286 0.0366 0.0372 Radio transmittance/t (thickness: 3.85 mm)11.9 11.9 10.7 10.1 9.9 10.7 8.2 10.6 10.7 β-OH (mm⁻¹) — — — — — — — — —Transmittance at wavelength 905 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Transmittanceat wavelength 1550 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Maximum radio transmittedamount — — — — — — — — — at 75 to 90 GHz of laminated glass (dB)Frequency at maximum radio transmitted amount — — — — — — — — — oflaminated glass (GHz) Ex. 207 Ex. 208 Ex. 209 Ex. 210 Ex. 211 Ex. 212Ex. 213 Ex. 214 Ex. 215 Embodiment 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 SiO₂ (mol %) 60.9364.63 65.93 65.93 65.93 60.93 66.03 66.03 66.53 Al₂O₃ (mol %) 8.70 6.006.00 5.00 5.00 8.70 8.50 6.50 4.00 B₂O₃ (mol %) 7.00 5.00 2.00 0.50 1.007.00 6.00 6.00 8.00 MgO (mol %) 1.50 1.50 3.00 3.00 3.00 5.00 4.30 4.304.80 CaO (mol %) 6.00 8.00 8.00 9.50 10.00 0.50 6.10 6.60 6.10 SrO (mol%) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 BaO (mol %) 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 TiO₂ (mol %) 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.050.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 ZrO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.500.00 Li₂O (mol %) 11.50 7.50 5.00 5.00 5.00 14.30 2.00 2.00 3.00 Na₂O(mol %) 2.30 4.30 5.00 5.00 5.00 0.50 3.40 3.40 3.40 K₂O (mol %) 2.003.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 2.00 3.60 3.60 3.60 Fe₂O₃ (mol %) 0.02 0.02 0.020.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 CeO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 Cr2O3 (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 SnO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PbO (mol%) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ZnO (mol %) 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 RO (mol %) 7.50 9.50 11.00 12.5013.00 5.50 10.40 10.90 11.40 R₂O (mol %) 15.80 14.80 15.00 15.00 15.0016.80 9.00 9.00 10.00 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO (mol %) 65.4 46.5 51.0 44.0 44.075.9 72.4 58.4 42.4 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO − 4Li₂O (mol %) 19.4 16.5 31.0 24.024.0 18.7 64.4 50.4 30.4 SiO2 + Al₂O₃ + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + Li₂O +93.0 95.0 98.0 98.5 99.0 92.0 94.0 92.5 92.0 Na₂O + K₂O + Fe₂O₃ + TiO₂(mol %) MgO + CaO (mol %) 7.5 9.5 11.0 12.5 13.0 5.5 10.4 10.9 10.9 R₂O× MgO (mol %)² 23.7 22.2 45.0 45.0 45.0 84.0 38.7 38.7 48.0 Na₂O/R₂O0.15 0.29 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.03 0.38 0.38 0.34 K₂O/R₂O 0.13 0.20 0.33 0.330.33 0.12 0.40 0.40 0.36 R₂O + B₂O₃ (mol %) 22.8 19.8 17.0 15.5 16.023.8 15.0 15.0 18.0 SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ (mol %) 69.6 70.6 71.9 70.9 70.9 69.674.5 72.5 70.5 FeO (mol %) — — — — — — — — — Fe-Redox (%) — — — — — — —— — Exponential approximation formula of relation — — — — — — — — —between frequency and radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mmthickness) constant 1 Exponential approximation formula of relation — —— — — — — — — between frequency and radio transmittance (as calculatedas 18 mm thickness) constant 2 Radio transmittance with 18 mm thickness44% 43% 37% 33% 35% 41% 41% 47% 48% at 100 GHz d 2.49 2.50 2.49 2.532.50 2.46 2.49 2.53 2.51 α (×10⁻⁷/° C.) 74 78 86 87 89 72 63 60 65 E(GPa) 81 78 77 80 79 83 74 75 72 T_(g) (° C.) 432 462 510 531 513 431584 586 498 T₂ (° C.) 1310 1388 1455 1460 1425 1305 1569 1560 1446 T₄ (°C.) 927 980 1045 1046 1022 909 1168 1151 1040 T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — —— — T₄ − T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — — — — Water resistance (mg) 0.23 0.210.12 0.15 0.15 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.11 Visible light transmittance T_(VA) ◯◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Visible light transmittance T_(VA) — — — — — — — — —measured value (%) Solar direct transmittance Te ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Solardirect transmittance Te measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — Ultraviolettransmittance T_(uv) measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — A × radiotransmittance (area: 0.0009 m²) 0.0395 0.0385 0.0329 0.0296 0.03160.0367 0.0372 0.0427 0.0432 Radio transmittance/t (thickness: 3.85 mm)11.4 11.1 9.5 8.5 9.1 10.6 10.7 12.3 12.5 β-OH (mm⁻¹) — — — — — — — — —Transmittance at wavelength 905 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Transmittanceat wavelength 1550 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Maximum radio transmittedamount — — — — — — — — — at 75 to 90 GHz of laminated glass (dB)Frequency at maximum radio transmitted amount — — — — — — — — — oflaminated glass (GHz) Ex. 216 Ex. 217 Ex. 218 Ex. 219 Ex. 220 Ex. 221Ex. 222 Ex. 223 Ex. 224 Embodiment 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 SiO₂ (mol %) 67.5362.53 62.53 66.00 66.00 66.30 66.33 66.43 67.30 Al₂O₃ (mol %) 4.00 7.005.00 2.95 3.95 4.15 7.50 5.00 5.00 B₂O₃ (mol %) 10.00 12.00 9.00 8.006.00 4.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 MgO (mol %) 2.80 2.80 1.00 0.50 0.50 2.98 0.102.00 0.10 CaO (mol %) 6.10 2.10 1.00 6.98 7.98 5.00 8.00 5.00 5.00 SrO(mol %) 0.00 4.00 9.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 3.33 BaO (mol %) 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 1.00 0.00 TiO₂ (mol %) 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.050.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 ZrO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.50 Li₂O (mol %) 5.00 5.00 5.00 4.40 5.17 9.50 11.00 8.00 8.80Na₂O (mol %) 1.40 1.40 2.00 2.17 7.17 5.60 2.50 6.50 5.20 K₂O (mol %)3.10 3.10 4.40 8.94 3.16 1.90 2.50 3.00 1.70 Fe₂O₃ (mol %) 0.02 0.020.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 CeO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr2O3 (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 SnO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PbO(mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ZnO (mol %) 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 RO (mol %) 8.90 8.90 11.50 7.488.48 8.48 8.10 10.00 8.43 R₂O (mol %) 9.50 9.50 11.40 15.51 15.50 17.0016.00 17.50 15.70 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO (mol %) 36.4 57.4 38.0 22.2 29.2 38.052.8 41.0 35.3 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO − 4Li₂O (mol %) 16.4 37.4 18.0 4.6 8.5 0.08.8 9.0 0.1 SiO2 + Al₂O₃ + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + Li₂O + 90.0 88.0 90.592.0 94.0 96.0 98.0 99.0 96.5 Na₂O + K₂O + Fe₂O₃ + TiO₂ (mol %) MgO +CaO (mol %) 8.9 4.9 2.0 7.5 8.5 8.0 8.1 7.0 5.1 R₂O × MgO (mol %)² 26.626.6 11.4 7.8 7.8 50.7 1.6 35.0 1.6 Na₂O/R₂O 0.15 0.15 0.18 0.14 0.460.33 0.16 0.37 0.33 K₂O/R₂O 0.33 0.33 0.39 0.58 0.20 0.11 0.16 0.17 0.11R₂O + B₂O₃ (mol %) 19.5 21.5 20.4 23.5 21.5 21.0 18.0 18.5 18.7 SiO₂ +Al₂O₃ (mol %) 71.5 69.5 67.5 69.0 70.0 70.5 73.8 71.4 72.3 FeO (mol %) —— — — — — — — — Fe-Redox (%) — — — — — — — — — Exponential approximationformula of relation — — — — — — — — — between frequency and radiotransmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness) constant 1 Exponentialapproximation formula of relation — — — — — — — — — between frequencyand radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness) constant 2Radio transmittance with 18 mm thickness 46% 48% 50% 45% 48% 44% 37% 38%40% at 100 GHz d 2.49 2.60 2.73 2.50 2.50 2.49 2.48 2.56 2.58 α (×10⁻⁷/°C.) 57 58 73 84 83 82 79 92 80 E (GPa) 71 70 72 63 73 81 84 81 83 T_(g)(° C.) 465 465 461 447 449 435 478 462 468 T₂ (° C.) 1449 1376 1317 13401373 1382 1449 1406 1423 T₄ (° C.) 1040 1041 991 970 951 932 1020 965984 T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — — — — T₄ − T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — — — —Water resistance (mg) 0.17 0.12 0.22 0.23 0.22 0.18 0.40 0.18 0.29Visible light transmittance T_(VA) ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Visible lighttransmittance T_(VA) — — — — — — — — — measured value (%) Solar directtransmittance Te ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Solar direct transmittance Temeasured value (%) — — — — — — — — — Ultraviolet transmittance T_(uv)measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — A × radio transmittance (area:0.0009 m²) 0.0413 0.0433 0.0449 0.0402 0.0432 0.0387 0.0331 0.03430.0358 Radio transmittance/t (thickness: 3.85 mm) 11.9 12.5 13.0 11.612.5 11.2 9.5 9.9 10.3 β-OH (mm⁻¹) — — — — — — — — — Transmittance atwavelength 905 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Transmittance at wavelength 1550nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Maximum radio transmitted amount — — — — — — —— — at 75 to 90 GHz of laminated glass (dB) Frequency at maximum radiotransmitted amount — — — — — — — — — of laminated glass (GHz) Ex. 225Ex. 226 Ex. 227 Ex. 228 Ex. 229 Ex. 230 Ex. 231 Ex. 232 Ex. 233Embodiment 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 SiO₂ (mol %) 67.30 70.30 70.30 69.95 69.9569.95 65.93 67.85 69.95 Al₂O₃ (mol %) 4.00 1.45 2.00 2.00 1.00 3.50 1.000.80 1.00 B₂O₃ (mol %) 3.00 10.00 5.00 3.00 5.00 8.00 6.00 7.00 4.00 MgO(mol %) 1.00 3.48 4.13 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.20 7.98 CaO (mol %) 5.002.00 5.00 10.48 7.48 0.00 3.50 4.38 0.00 SrO (mol %) 3.33 3.00 0.00 0.000.00 2.48 3.00 6.20 0.00 BaO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 7.000.00 1.00 TiO₂ (mol %) 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 ZrO₂(mol %) 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Li₂O (mol %) 9.504.50 4.50 8.00 10.00 11.00 4.50 6.00 11.00 Na₂O (mol %) 4.00 1.00 4.503.00 2.00 2.00 4.50 3.00 2.00 K₂O (mol %) 2.30 4.20 4.50 3.00 3.00 2.004.50 1.50 3.00 Fe₂O₃ (mol %) 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.020.02 CeO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr2O3(mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SnO₂ (mol %) 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PbO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ZnO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.003.00 0.00 RO (mol %) 9.33 8.48 9.13 10.98 8.98 2.98 13.50 10.78 8.98 R₂O(mol %) 15.80 9.70 13.50 14.00 15.00 15.00 13.50 10.50 16.00 7Al₂O₃ +3MgO (mol %) 31.0 20.6 26.4 15.5 8.5 26.0 7.0 6.2 30.9 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO −4Li₂O (mol %) −7.0 2.6 8.4 −16.5 −31.5 −18.0 −11.0 −17.8 −13.1 SiO2 +Al₂O₃ + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + Li₂O + 96.5 90.0 95.0 97.0 95.0 91.594.0 90.0 96.0 Na₂O + K₂O + Fe₂O₃ + TiO₂ (mol %) MgO + CaO (mol %) 6.05.5 9.1 11.0 8.0 0.5 3.5 4.6 8.0 R₂O × MgO (mol %)² 15.8 33.8 55.8 7.07.5 7.5 0.0 2.1 127.7 Na₂O/R₂O 0.25 0.10 0.33 0.21 0.13 0.13 0.33 0.290.13 K₂O/R₂O 0.15 0.43 0.33 0.21 0.20 0.13 0.33 0.14 0.19 R₂O + B₂O₃(mol %) 18.8 19.7 18.5 17.0 20.0 23.0 19.5 17.5 20.0 SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ (mol%) 71.3 71.8 72.3 72.0 71.0 73.5 66.9 68.7 71.0 FeO (mol %) — — — — — —— — — Fe-Redox (%) — — — — — — — — — Exponential approximation formulaof relation — — — — — — — — — between frequency and radio transmittance(as calculated as 18 mm thickness) constant 1 Exponential approximationformula of relation — — — — — — — — — between frequency and radiotransmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness) constant 2 Radiotransmittance with 18 mm thickness 41% 47% 45% 38% 42% 49% 53% 47% 44%at 100 GHz d 2.58 2.53 2.46 2.49 2.50 2.50 2.77 2.65 2.47 α (×10⁻⁷/° C.)81 60 77 79 77 66 93 72 76 E (GPa) 82 69 73 80 78 73 70 79 81 T_(g) (°C.) 457 451 471 463 416 413 402 433 429 T₂ (° C.) 1401 1460 1465 14201386 1463 1265 1308 1435 T₄ (° C.) 965 1021 1023 999 949 984 867 918 950T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — — — — T₄ − T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — — — — Waterresistance (mg) 0.26 0.18 0.28 0.26 0.21 0.30 0.21 0.20 0.24 Visiblelight transmittance T_(VA) ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Visible light transmittanceT_(VA) — — — — — — — — — measured value (%) Solar direct transmittanceTe ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Solar direct transmittance Te measured value (%) —— — — — — — — — Ultraviolet transmittance T_(uv) measured value (%) — —— — — — — — — A × radio transmittance (area: 0.0009 m²) 0.0373 0.04220.0404 0.0344 0.0380 0.0443 0.0476 0.0423 0.0400 Radio transmittance/t(thickness: 3.85 mm) 10.8 12.2 11.7 9.9 11.0 12.8 13.7 12.2 11.5 β-OH(mm⁻¹) — — — — — — — — — Transmittance at wavelength 905 nm (%) — — — —— — — — — Transmittance at wavelength 1550 nm (%) — — — — — — — — —Maximum radio transmitted amount — — — — — — — — — at 75 to 90 GHz oflaminated glass (dB) Frequency at maximum radio transmitted amount — — —— — — — — — of laminated glass (GHz) Ex. 234 Ex. 235 Ex. 236 Ex. 237 Ex.238 Ex. 239 Ex. 240 Ex. 241 Ex. 242 Embodiment 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 SiO₂(mol %) 69.95 67.95 65.75 73.75 65.75 65.75 66.75 72.38 72.00 Al₂O₃ (mol%) 1.20 3.00 5.00 0.60 3.00 5.50 4.50 0.00 0.80 B₂O₃ (mol %) 4.00 4.0010.00 10.00 5.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 MgO (mol %) 5.00 1.50 0.20 0.000.00 0.50 0.10 0.10 3.00 CaO (mol %) 1.28 4.00 4.48 0.00 5.00 2.00 1.903.06 4.14 SrO (mol %) 1.00 0.00 0.00 2.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.50 0.00 BaO(mol %) 1.00 0.48 0.00 2.30 3.18 4.18 5.18 1.00 0.00 TiO₂ (mol %) 0.050.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 ZrO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 1.00 0.50 2.00 1.00 Li₂O (mol %) 8.50 9.00 14.50 4.00 16.00 15.0013.00 0.00 0.00 Na₂O (mol %) 4.00 5.00 0.00 2.00 0.50 2.00 3.00 7.508.50 K₂O (mol %) 4.00 5.00 0.00 5.00 1.50 2.00 3.00 7.50 8.50 Fe₂O₃ (mol%) 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.42 0.02 CeO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr2O3 (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SnO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 PbO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ZnO(mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 RO (mol %) 8.285.98 4.68 4.58 8.18 6.68 7.18 7.66 7.14 R₂O (mol %) 16.50 19.00 14.5011.00 18.00 19.00 19.00 15.00 17.00 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO (mol %) 23.4 25.5 35.64.2 21.0 40.0 31.8 0.3 14.6 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO − 4Li₂O (mol %) −10.6 −10.5−22.4 −11.8 −43.0 −20.0 −20.2 0.3 14.6 SiO2 + Al₂O₃ + MgO + CaO + SrO +BaO + Li₂O + 96.0 96.0 90.0 90.0 95.0 97.0 97.5 95.5 97.0 Na₂O + K₂O +Fe₂O₃ + TiO₂ (mol %) MgO + CaO (mol %) 6.3 5.5 4.7 0.0 5.0 2.5 2.0 3.27.1 R₂O × MgO (mol %)² 82.5 28.5 2.9 0.0 0.0 9.5 1.9 1.5 51.0 Na₂O/R₂O0.24 0.26 0.00 0.18 0.03 0.11 0.16 0.50 0.50 K₂O/R₂O 0.24 0.26 0.00 0.450.08 0.11 0.16 0.50 0.50 R₂O + B₂O₃ (mol %) 20.5 23.0 24.5 21.0 23.021.0 21.0 17.0 19.0 SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ (mol %) 71.2 71.0 70.8 74.4 68.8 71.371.3 72.4 72.8 FeO (mol %) — — — — — — — — — Fe-Redox (%) — — — — — — —— — Exponential approximation formula of relation — — — — — — — — —between frequency and radio transmittance (as calculated as 18 mmthickness) constant 1 Exponential approximation formula of relation — —— — — — — — — between frequency and radio transmittance (as calculatedas 18 mm thickness) constant 2 Radio transmittance with 18 mm thickness48% 51% 39% 55% 42% 43% 45% 43% 42% at 100 GHz d 2.50 2.48 2.47 2.532.55 2.53 2.57 2.59 2.48 α (×10⁻⁷/° C.) 84 91 58 66 81 84 90 96 100 E(GPa) 77 74 81 64 85 88 83 70 66 T_(g) (° C.) 422 416 396 430 406 448425 520 514 T₂ (° C.) 1418 1381 1351 1507 1280 1399 1384 1419 1457 T₄ (°C.) 954 933 908 1017 820 907 901 998 1025 T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — — — —T₄ − T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — — — — Water resistance (mg) 0.30 0.25 0.310.24 0.22 0.40 0.36 0.30 0.41 Visible light transmittance T_(VA) ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Visible light transmittance T_(VA) — — — — — — — — — measuredvalue (%) Solar direct transmittance Te ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Solar directtransmittance Te measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — Ultraviolettransmittance T_(uv) measured value (%) — — — — — — — — — A × radiotransmittance (area: 0.0009 m²) 0.0429 0.0461 0.0351 0.0492 0.03740.0387 0.0407 0.0385 0.0378 Radio transmittance/t (thickness: 3.85 mm)12.4 13.3 10.1 14.2 10.8 11.2 11.7 11.1 10.9 β-OH (mm⁻¹) — — — — — — — —— Transmittance at wavelength 905 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Transmittanceat wavelength 1550 nm (%) — — — — — — — — — Maximum radio transmittedamount — — — — — — — — — at 75 to 90 GHz of laminated glass (dB)Frequency at maximum radio transmitted amount — — — — — — — — — oflaminated glass (GHz) Ex. 243 Ex. 244 Ex. 245 Ex. 246 Ex. 247 Ex. 248Ex. 249 Embodiment 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 SiO₂ (mol %) 70.34 70.34 70.3467.74 72.41 74.01 75.00 Al₂O₃ (mol %) 1.20 1.20 1.20 0.60 0.60 1.00 0.30B₂O₃ (mol %) 0.00 1.00 0.50 10.00 4.00 7.00 5.00 MgO (mol %) 4.30 2.503.00 0.50 4.00 1.00 1.00 CaO (mol %) 4.30 0.00 9.10 15.10 6.56 5.76 5.76SrO (mol %) 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 BaO (mol %) 4.30 6.600.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.88 TiO₂ (mol %) 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04ZrO₂ (mol %) 0.50 1.30 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Li₂O (mol %) 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Na₂O (mol %) 7.50 10.00 3.00 3.00 6.05 7.952.00 K₂O (mol %) 7.50 5.00 12.00 3.00 6.32 3.22 2.00 Fe₂O₃ (mol %) 0.020.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 CeO₂ (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 Cr2O3 (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SnO₂ (mol %) 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PbO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 ZnO (mol %) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 RO (mol %) 12.9011.10 12.10 15.60 10.56 6.76 15.64 R₂O (mol %) 15.00 15.00 15.00 6.0012.37 11.17 4.00 7Al₂O₃ + 3MgO (mol %) 21.3 15.9 17.4 5.7 16.2 10.0 5.17Al₂O₃ + 3MgO − 4Li₂O (mol %) 21.3 15.9 17.4 5.7 16.2 10.0 5.1 SiO2 +Al₂O₃ + MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + Li₂O + 99.5 97.7 98.7 90.0 96.0 93.095.0 Na₂O + K₂O + Fe₂O₃ + TiO₂ (mol %) MgO + CaO (mol %) 8.6 2.5 12.115.6 10.6 6.8 6.8 R₂O × MgO (mol %)² 64.5 37.5 45.0 3.0 49.5 11.2 4.0Na₂O/R₂O 0.50 0.67 0.20 0.50 0.49 0.71 0.50 K₂O/R₂O 0.50 0.33 0.80 0.500.51 0.29 0.50 R₂O + B₂O₃ (mol %) 15.0 16.0 15.5 16.0 16.4 18.2 9.0SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ (mol %) 71.5 71.5 71.5 68.3 73.0 75.0 75.3 FeO (mol %) — —— — — — — Fe-Redox (%) — — — — — — — Exponential approximation formulaof relation — — — — — — — between frequency and radio transmittance (ascalculated as 18 mm thickness) constant 1 Exponential approximationformula of relation — — — — — — — between frequency and radiotransmittance (as calculated as 18 mm thickness) constant 2 Radiotransmittance with 18 mm thickness 36% 39% 30% 55% 43% 48% 50% at 100GHz d 2.61 2.66 2.50 2.55 2.47 2.46 2.78 α (×10⁻⁷/° C.) 103 101 98 61 8572 61 E (GPa) 70 70 63 69 68 66 70 T_(g) (° C.) 522 502 590 542 532 508560 T₂ (° C.) 1458 1441 1474 1363 1488 1498 1572 T₄ (° C.) 1012 975 10701001 1047 1044 1066 T_(L) (° C.) — — — — — — — T₄ − T_(L) (° C.) — — — —— — — Water resistance (mg) 0.39 0.37 0.26 0.20 0.41 0.35 0.25 Visiblelight transmittance T_(VA) ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Visible light transmittanceT_(VA) — — — — — — — measured value (%) Solar direct transmittance Te ◯◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Solar direct transmittance Te measured value (%) — — — — — —— Ultraviolet transmittance T_(uv) measured value (%) — — — — — — — A ×radio transmittance (area: 0.0009 m²) 0.0327 0.0357 0.0270 0.0493 0.03860.043 0.0449 Radio transmittance/t (thickness: 3.85 mm) 9.4 10.3 7.814.2 11.1 12.4 13 β-OH (mm⁻¹) — — — — — — — Transmittance at wavelength905 nm (%) — — — — — — — Transmittance at wavelength 1550 nm (%) — — — —— — — Maximum radio transmitted amount — — — — — — — at 75 to 90 GHz oflaminated glass (dB) Frequency at maximum radio transmitted amount — — —— — — — of laminated glass (GHz)[Studies on Calculation Model of Radio Transmittance]

Using the glass plate employed in Comparative Example 1 in Table 1, thedifference between the transmittance of radio waves measured and thecalculated model was confirmed. The measured value is one obtained bymeasurement by free space method using a 30 cm×30 cm glass plate. Thecalculation model of the free space method is a calculation model usedin simulation by CST Microwave Studio 2016 electromagnetic simulator.The basic conditions of the simulation are as described in thisspecification. As a result of the studies, it was found that byadjusting the tan δ value input in the calculation model with precisionto three decimal places, the calculation model in a high frequency band(for example at least 50 GHz) was optimized, and more accurate fittingto measured values with respect to the glass plates having differentthicknesses (for example 5 mm and 10 mm) was achieved.

Using the optimized calculation model, the radio transmittance or theapproximate transmittance with respect to Comparative Example(conventional glass plate) was determined, and compared with those inExamples 1 to 249. As a result, the glass in each Example had a radiotransmittance at a frequency of 100 GHz as calculated as 18 mm thicknessof at least 20%, and was found to be superior to that in ComparativeExample. Further, it was found that both radio transmittance×A where Ais 0.009 m² and radio transmittance/thickness t at a thickness of 3.85mm were more excellent than in Comparative Example.

[Comparison of Radio Transmittance]

FIGS. 2A to 2D are graphs illustrating the electric field strengthratios of glass plates with 18 mm thickness in Comparative Example 1 andExamples 1 to 20. The black curve represents the electric field strengthratio in Comparative Example, the black dotted line represents the radiotransmittance calculated by the exponential approximation of curve ofthe electric field strength ratio in Comparative Example (approximationinto a function [radio transmittance]=[constant1]×e^([constant 2]×[frequency]), that is, “exponential approximation ofthe relation between the frequency and the electric field strengthratio”). Likewise, gray curves respectively represent the electric fieldstrength ratios in the respective Examples, and gray dotted linesrepresent ratio transmittances calculated by corresponding exponentialapproximation. The glass plates in Examples are found to generally havea high radio transmittance in GHz frequency band.

FIGS. 3A to 3D are graphs illustrating the approximate transmittancescalculated at representative frequencies based on the exponentialapproximation formula obtained in FIGS. 2A to 2D. FIG. 3A corresponds toFIG. 2A, FIG. 3B to FIG. 2B, FIG. 3C to FIG. 2C, and FIG. 3D to FIG. 2D,and represent the approximate transmittances in Comparative Example 1and Examples 1 to 20. It is found that in each Example, remarkablyimproved radio transmission characteristics than in Comparative Exampleare obtained.

Further, the glass plates in Examples 21 to 249 have any of thecomposition ranges as described in the above ten embodiments, andthereby have a high radio transmittance.

Further, the dielectric loss tan δ at a frequency of 35 GHz was at least0.001 and at most 0.019 with respect to the glass in Examples 5 to 7 and17 to 20, at least 0.001 and at most 0.013 with respect to the glass inExamples 2, 4, 8 to 10, 12, 14, 16 and 21 to 23, and at least 0.001 toat most 0.011 with respect to the glass in Examples 1, 3, 11, 13, 15 and24.

From the results in Examples 3, 4, 11 and 25, the laminated glass ineach Example has a higher radio transmittance than the laminated glassin Comparative Example.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The glass plate of the present invention is widely applicable as awindow material of a building and a vehicle in which use of aradio-utilizing apparatus such as a mobile phone or radar is assumed.

Further, the glass plate of the present invention is suitable as a glassplate for a radio communication apparatus employing radio waves at ahigh frequency of at least 1.0 GHz.

This application is a continuation of PCT Application No.PCT/JP2018/017236 filed on Apr. 27, 2018, which is based upon and claimsthe benefit of priorities from Japanese Patent Application No.2017-090141 filed on Apr. 28, 2017 and Japanese Patent Application No.2017-140687 filed on Jul. 20, 2017. The contents of those applicationsare incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

REFERENCE SYMBOLS

10: frame, 20: opening, 20: wave source, 40: measurement point.

What is claimed is:
 1. A glass plate having a radio transmittance of atleast 20% at a frequency of 100 GHz as calculated as 18 mm thickness,wherein the glass plate contains, as represented by mol % based onoxides, the following components in the following contents: 55≤SiO₂≤751.3≤Al₂O₃≤3.35 0≤B₂O₃≤15 0≤MgO≤2.6 0≤CaO≤20 0≤SrO≤4 0≤BaO≤15 0≤Li₂O≤0.010.1≤Na₂O≤16 1≤K₂O≤16 0≤ZrO₂≤2 0.001≤Fe₂O₃≤5 0.001≤TiO₂≤1.5 1.1≤R₂O≤200≤RO≤20 85≤SiO₂+Al₂O₃+MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+Li₂O+Na₂O+K₂O+Fe₂O₃+TiO₂≤1009.1≤7Al₂O₃+3MgO≤23.5 0.05≤Na₂O/R₂O≤0.8 1.1≤R₂O+B₂O₃≤22 0≤PbO<0.0010≤ZnO≤8, wherein R₂O is a total content of alkali metal oxides, and ROis a total content of MgO, CaO, SrO and BaO, and the glass plate has aNiO content of 0 mass ppm to 100 mass ppm.
 2. The glass plate accordingto claim 1, which contains, as represented by mol % based on oxides, thefollowing components in the following contents: 60≤SiO₂≤74 1.5≤Al₂O₃≤3.00≤B₂O₃≤10 0.1≤MgO≤2.6 1≤CaO≤18 0≤SrO≤2.5 0.5≤BaO≤12 2≤Na₂O≤15 1.5≤K₂O≤130.5≤ZrO₂≤1.8 0.001≤TiO₂≤1 5≤R₂O≤19 5≤RO≤1898≤SiO₂+Al₂O₃+MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+Li₂O+Na₂O+K₂O+Fe₂O₃+TiO₂≤10010.8≤7Al₂O₃+3MgO≤23 0.1≤Na₂ O/R₂O≤0.75 5≤R₂O+B₂O₃≤20 0≤ZnO≤6.
 3. Theglass plate according to claim 1, which contains substantially no NiO.4. The glass plate according to claim 1, wherein the content of Na₂O, asrepresented by mol % based on oxides, is: 0.1≤Na₂O≤11.
 5. The glassplate according to claim 1, which has a radio transmittance of at least25% at a frequency of 100 GHz as calculated as 18 mm thickness.
 6. Theglass plate according to claim 1, which has a radio transmittance of atmost 84% at a frequency of 100 GHz as calculated as 18 mm thickness. 7.The glass plate according to claim 1, which satisfies, when plane wavesat a frequency of 10 GHz at an electric field strength of 1 V/m are madeto enter the glass plate having a thickness of 1.2λ, from a wave source2λ apart from an opening, a linear approximation of y>(0.0607×x),wherein y (V/m) is the electric field strength at a measurement point10λ apart from the opening, and x is a value obtained by dividing theopening area S (mm²) by λ².
 8. The glass plate according to claim 1,which satisfies an exponential approximation of y′>exp(−0.081×x′),wherein y′ is the approximate transmittance at a frequency of 100 GHz,and x′ is the thickness (mm) of the glass plate.
 9. The glass plateaccording to claim 1, which satisfies an exponential approximation ofthe relation between the frequency x″ and the radio transmittance y″ ata frequency of from 6 to 20 GHz, as calculated as 18 mm thickness,approximated to a function y″=[constant1]×e^([constant 2]×x″, of y″>)0.8619e^(−0.015x″).
 10. The glass plateaccording to claim 1, which has a specific gravity of from 2.40 to 3.00,a Young's modulus of from 60 GPa to 100 GPa and an average coefficientof linear expansion from 50° C. to 350° C. of from 35×10⁻⁷ to 120×10⁻⁷.11. The glass plate according to claim 1, which has a Na₂O elutionamount in a water resistance test of from 0.001 mg to 0.6 mg.
 12. Theglass plate according to claim 1, wherein T₂ is at most 1,750° C., T₄ isat most 1,350° C., and T₄-T_(L) is at least −150° C., wherein (T₂ is atemperature at which the glass viscosity becomes 10² (dPa·s), T₄ is atemperature at which the glass viscosity becomes 10⁴ (dPa·s), and T_(L)is the liquid phase temperature of the glass.
 13. The glass plateaccording to claim 1, which has a glass transition point Tg of from 400°C. to 750° C.
 14. The glass plate according to claim 1, which has avisible light transmittance T_(VA) of from 30 to 92% as calculated as3.85 mm plate thickness.
 15. The glass plate according to claim 1, whichhas a solar direct transmittance Te of from 35 to 91% as calculated as3.85 mm plate thickness.
 16. The glass plate according to claim 1,wherein A x radio transmittance is from 0.0225 m²⁻% to 8,400 m²⁻%,wherein A is the area (m²) of the glass plate.
 17. The glass plateaccording to claim 1, wherein radio transmittance/t is from 0.7%/mm to84%/mm, wherein t is the thickness (mm) of the glass plate.
 18. Theglass plate according to claim 1, which has an area of at least 900 mm².19. A window comprising the glass plate as defined in claim
 1. 20. Thewindow according to claim 19, which is for an automobile or for abuilding.
 21. A radio commtmication apparatus comprising the glass plateas defined in claim 1.